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The director of the “Vatreno oko” laboratory, Snezana Jovanovic, stated that there are several types of tests in Serbia: p-si-ar tests, tests in which a certain type of antigen is detected from a nasal swab, as well as tests in those that detect antibodies from the blood. talk about the degree or state of the host’s immune response.
“Every patient must first go to the Kovid clinic, where, based on a clinical examination, biochemical analysis, x-ray of the lungs, the doctor will evaluate whether a swab should be taken. In this case, the algorithm says that a swab should be taken first. swab for an antigen test, “he said. It’s from Jovanovic.
He explained that in a population like ours, when the percentage of infection transmission is 10 and more than 10, the recommendation of international health institutions is to use an antigen test.
“The kovid clinic will take a nasopharyngeal swab, or nasal swab, for the detection of SARS-CoV-2. If it is negative, and there is still a suspicion that the patient has kovid 19, then a swab is taken and sent for the p-si-ar test. to the labs that make them, “added Jovanovic.
When it comes to private labs, he says they are only allowed to run serological tests, not antigen tests.
“They are tests that detect the presence of antibodies against any infection, and in this case the SARS-CoV-2 virus. They are tests that detect our immune response. From the sixth to the seventh day of infection, most people begin to produce IGM antibodies as a defense mechanism to a certain type of infection. From the tenth to the fourteenth day, IGG antibodies begin to form. During this period, the so-called seroconversion can occur, and both IGM and IGG antibodies can appear “, emphasized Jovanovic .
He pointed out that serologic tests don’t make sense for early symptoms, because in most people, antibodies develop on the sixth or seventh day from the onset of symptoms.
“But two days after contact and up to five days from the onset of symptoms, if one of the recommended tests is done, and it is antigenic or p-si-ar, it will be positive in almost 90 percent of cases”, Jovanović said.
When asked which test is more reliable, he notes that each has its own sensitivity and specificity, but according to the algorithm, the gold standard for diagnosis is a CP test.
“There are people who had all the symptoms of covid 19, and the urine was negative. So, the diagnosis is made not only based on laboratory tests, but from a complete examination, clinical picture and other analyzes. I personally know several patients. who even had bilateral pneumonia, and who urinated three times and was negative, “said Jovanović.
He pointed out that the recommendations to test a person suspected of having kovid 19 are more frequent.
“If the antigen test is negative, then he will either do a PR test or repeat it one more time,” added Jovanovic.
He stated that the study also shows that in people whose urine and antigen tests came back negative in the first place, an increasing number of people test positive by repeat testing.
He explained that it was because the virus stayed in the upper respiratory tract for a short time.
“When a sample can be taken or the sample is not good or something happens in the transport, there are a number of reasons why the test can be negative, but the result of the first sample is negative, repeated tests increase the possibility to make a diagnosis, “said Jovanovic. .
He also explained why false negative results often occur: if the sample is not taken in time, if it is improper transport, if a smaller amount of sample is taken, if an inappropriate sample is taken.
“We now read that no greater amount of the virus is found in the nasopharynx than, say, in feces and urine, and is excreted longer,” Jovanovic noted, adding that such tests are not done.
When asked what are the free tests and which ones are paid for, Jovanović says that when you go to Kovid’s ambulance, you do an antigen test first, and if you need a PC, it is not paid.
“Everyone who goes abroad, regardless of age group, pays for the tests, with the exception of students who go abroad to study, as long as they show some proof that they are studying there,” Jovanović said.
Answering the question of whether we will be able to get tested at home in the future, Jovanović says that these “point-of-care tests” exist for most diseases.
“For now, there are tests that seem to many, simply antigenic, that each of us can do it at home, but for now it is a recommendation for the reason that it is not known if after taking a swab and putting that virus of Tuff and hyssop processing is activated or not and due to the fact that there is a possibility that you who are taking it will become infected; for these reasons, these tests are not for now, but safe in the future, “concluded Jovanović.
(Kurir.rs/RTS)
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