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– Every patient must first go to an outpatient clinic where, based on a clinical examination, biochemical analysis, x-ray of the lungs, the doctor will evaluate whether a swab should be taken. In this case, the algorithm says that a swab must first be taken for an antigen test, Jovanović said.
He explained that in a population like ours, when the percentage of infection transmission is 10 and more than 10, the recommendation of international health institutions is to use an antigen test.
– The kovid ambulance will take a nasopharyngeal swab, or a nasal swab, for the detection of SARS-CoV-2. If it is negative, and there is still a suspicion that the patient has kovid 19, then a swab is taken and sent for peer testing to the laboratories that do it, Jovanović added.
When it comes to private labs, he says they are only allowed to run serological tests, not antigen tests.
– These are tests that detect the presence of antibodies against any infection, in this case the SARS-CoV-2 virus. They are tests that detect our immune response. From the sixth to the seventh day of infection, most people begin to produce IGM antibodies as a defense mechanism against a certain type of infection. From the tenth to the fourteenth day, IGG antibodies begin to form. In this period, the so-called seroconversion, the appearance of IGM and IGG antibodies can occur, Jovanović emphasized.
He pointed out that serologic tests don’t make sense for early symptoms, because in most people, antibodies develop on the sixth or seventh day from the onset of symptoms.
– But two days after contact and up to five days from the appearance of symptoms, if you do any of the recommended tests, and that is antigenic or p-si-ar, it will be positive in almost 90 percent of cases – Jovanović said.
Photo: Printscreen / RTS
When asked which test is more reliable, he notes that each has its own sensitivity and specificity, but according to the algorithm, the gold standard for diagnosis is a CP test.
– There are people who had all the symptoms of kovida 19, and the urine was negative. Therefore, the diagnosis is made not only on the basis of laboratory tests, but also on the basis of a comprehensive examination, a clinical picture and other analyzes. “I personally know several patients who even had bilateral pneumonia, and who urinated three times and was negative,” said Jovanović.
He pointed out that the recommendations to test a person suspected of having kovid 19 are more frequent.
“If the antigen test is negative, then he will either do a p-si-ar test or repeat the antigen test one more time,” Jovanović added.
He stated that the study also shows that in people whose urine and antigen tests came back negative in the first place, an increasing number of people test positive by repeat testing.
He explained that it was because the virus stayed in the upper respiratory tract for a short time.
– When a sample can be taken or the sample is not good or something happens in the transportation, there are many reasons why the test can be negative, but the result of the first sample is negative, repeated tests increase the possibility of doing a diagnosis – said Jovanovic.
He also explained why false negative results often occur: if the sample is not taken in time, if it is improper transport, if a smaller amount of sample is taken, if an inappropriate sample is taken.
“We are now reading that a greater amount of the virus is not found in the nasopharynx than, say, in feces and urine, and is excreted longer,” Jovanović noted, adding that such tests are not performed.
Photo: EPA
When asked what are the free tests and which ones are paid for, Jovanović says that when you go to Kovid’s ambulance, you do an antigen test first, and if you need a PC, it is not paid.
“Everyone who goes abroad, regardless of age group, pays for the tests, with the exception of students who go abroad to study, although they show some proof that they study there,” Jovanović said.
Answering the question of whether we will be able to get tested at home in the future, Jovanović says that these “point-of-care tests” exist for most diseases.
– For now, there are tests that seem to many, simply antigenic, that each of us can do it at home, but for now it is a recommendation so it is not known if after taking a swab and putting that processing virus on Toba and hyssop is activated or not and because there is a possibility that you take it you will get infected – for these reasons, for now these tests will not, but in the future for sure – concluded Jovanović.
(RTS)
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