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In this article, you will see answers to these and other questions:
What is a black hole? How does it arise?
Understand how the first image of a black hole was made.
Most black holes form when a massive star dies. He becomes a place in space where gravity is so strong that nothing, not even light, can escape. (According to Einstein’s theory of special relativity, nothing can travel in space faster than light.)
This strong gravity occurs because a large amount of matter is concentrated in a confined space.
The Nobel Prize illustration shows details about black holes – Photo: Playback / The Nobel Prize
On the “edge” of the black hole (view image), there is what is called “event horizon”. After that point, the light can no longer escape the black hole’s gravity.
In this region, time passes differently, explains Thiago Gonçalves, astronomer and professor at the Valongo Observatory of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ).
For one Outside observer, time would freeze – if I saw someone enter the event horizon, I would see that person frozen. But, if a person enters a black hole, he himself, inside, I watched the time go by.
What is inside the black hole?
In the words of scientist Andrea Gehz, one of the winners of this year’s Nobel Prize in Physics, no one knows.
“We have no idea what is inside the black hole, they are breaking the understanding of the laws of physics,” Gehz said.
Is it possible to enter a black hole?
“At first, nothing would stop people from entering a black hole, but then we would lose communication with outsiders, because nothing comes out of the black hole, not even light “, explains astrophysicist Thaisa Storchi Bergmann,” supermassive black hole hunter “at the center of galaxies and head of the group of research in astrophysics from the Institute of Physics of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS).
Jorge Pontual: the image of a black hole was the largest astronomical discovery of 2019
There are two types of black holes, Bergmann explains, and both work on the same principle: they are a region from which nothing escapes, not even light. The first type is the stellar, and the other, the supermassive (the last type is what science thinks is at the center of the Milky Way).
On the stellar, if we get too close, we “turn into spaghetti” before we even enter. “The force of the tide will destroy you,” says Bergmann.
“On the other hand, in the supermassive black hole, although gravity is just as strong, the tidal beam that destroys you is within the event horizon – then you can enter the black hole. And that happened in the movie Interstellar ”, recalls the astrophysicist.
Can you “time travel” inside a black hole?
Bergmann explains that there are speculations in science that if it were possible to unite two black holes, one in one part of the universe and one in another, they could form a tunnel between them in which one would travel at a speed much faster than light, which is equivalent to traveling in time.
“‘Wormholes’ are a solution that appears in general relativity, but no one has ever seen them – there is no observational evidence for them. And they are very unstable – their limits are not exactly known yet, but they open for a while and soon close, “says the astrophysicist.
“It is something that is not well known. But in principle it is speculation, it would be a way of traveling in a universe as big as ours: the closest star is 4 light years away,” he says.
“It would be a way of being able to travel in the universe at a significant distance, because we would walk millions or hundreds of millions of years,” says the scientist.
What is uniqueness?
It is the point at center of the black hole. There, the density of matter is infinite and the physics known to mankind is no longer able to explain everything that happens.
“This point reaches such a high density at a point so small, so cohesive, that known mathematical equations are no longer possible to describe the phenomena that occur there. That is the singularity”, explains Eliade Ferreira Lima, astrophysicist and professor of University. Federal do Pampa (Unipampa), in Uruguaiana, in Rio Grande do Sul.
“If there is nothing to push the material out, that material will become more and more concentrated, and the The singularity is that point of infinite density at the center of the black hole.“, explains Thiago Gonçalves, from the UFRJ.
What did the Nobel winners discover?
Andrea Ghez, Reinhard Genzel and Roger Penrose are the winners of the 2020 Nobel Prize in Physics – Photo: Royal Academy of Sciences (Genzel and Ghez) and Wikimedia Commons (Penrose)
Two polls won this year’s Nobel Prize:
The first, by Roger Penrose, explained, using mathematical methods, the existence of black holes based on the general theory of relativity thought by Einstein, according to which the presence of mass in space spacetime curves. (The idea is different from Newton’s, who explained gravity in terms of the attraction between bodies.)
Einstein himself did not believe that black holes existed.
But in 1965, ten years after his death, Penrose showed, mathematically, which black holes could actually form and described them in detail, including the fact that, at their center, they hide the singularity. His work is still considered the most important contribution to the general theory of relativity since Einstein, according to the Nobel committee.
Genzel and Ghez showed the movements of the stars around the center of our galaxy and he calculated that “there should be a very massive body in a very small space”, Gonçalves explains.
“The only viable explanation was the presence of a black hole. There was no other reasonable object that could explain the result they obtained with the movement of this mysterious object. We did not see the object, but we saw the movement of the stars around it.” says the astronomer.
- Watch VIDEOS of the 2020 Nobel Prize announcements:
