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SÃO PAULO – The administrative reform presented by the government of Jair Bolsonaro follows the model adopted in several developed countries with a strong tradition in offering quality public services. Experts consider, however, that the proposal sent to Congress this month still does not address typical Brazilian problems, such as the high number of commissioned servants, who can be freely nominated by the government.
While France, a traditional example of the Brazilian bureaucracy, has between 700 and 900 freely designated positions, in Brazil there are 12,563 positions of this nature, according to data from the Mixed Parliamentary Front for Administrative Reform. The expectation is that points like this will be included in the debate during the discussion of the proposal in Congress.
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– Brazil has an absurd amount of free appointment in relation to the reference countries and does not carry out selective processes for top management in search of the best professionals – says Felipe Drumond, consultant to the Parliamentary Front and member of Republica.org, a management NGO .
Of the total volume of commissioned positions in the Brazilian public structure, half is exclusively for public officials. In countries like England, Canada or the USA, this number is much lower and the nomination is not 100% free. The nominee must go through a selection or Saturday. In Chile there is even a psychological test for these vacancies.
However, unlike other reforms, analysts consider that the change in regulations for public officials does not end in a single Proposal for Amendment to the Constitution (PEC) and should be adopted as a state project to advance the peculiarities of the norms of the public function in the country. .
Rethinking stability
According to Professor Marcelo Marchesini, from Insper, the government’s proposal is not absorbing the novelties that appear in advanced countries, such as network management, citing as an example the reform promoted in the US state of Oregon, where efficiency and professionalism pay off. more weight, in place of traditional political indications.
– The fact that the government does not indicate changes in the system to fill commissioned positions is problematic, since political appointments, which are inefficient, can be maintained – he says. – The reform does not mention selection. It speaks of the holding of public tenders, which in principle is desired in terms of impersonality. But they have many flaws, questionable quality, poorly designed evidence, expensive and time-consuming processes. And we need to rethink the selection.
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Humberto Falcão, a professor at the Dom Cabral Foundation, who was Secretary of Management of the Federal Government, says that the selection of officials by competition, where only knowledge is rewarded, is already being reviewed worldwide.
– The selection must consider not only knowledge, but also vocations, skills, attitudes and psychological profiles – says Falcão.
The expert says that it is also necessary to rethink stability, which in Brazil is guaranteed to 93% of servers. In France, this guarantee is granted to 80% of the workforce. In Germany, Europe’s largest economy, the rate is 40%, while in England it is around 9%.
For Falcão, there is no justification why the government’s reform proposal does not foresee more effective changes in this regard and that affect current officials.
– Of course, we need to give stability to the diplomat so that he has autonomy, but we do not need the elevator operator and driver of the Chancellery – he says.
Wagner Lenhart, Secretary for Management and Employment at the Ministry of the Economy, says that the government sought inspiration from international best practices when preparing the package presented to Congress and that it will be executed in stages: first the approval of a Proposal for Amendment to the Constitution ( PEC), with general rules for future employees, followed by specific bills to regulate aspects such as performance management and compensation rules.
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Lenhart argues that, unlike other reforms, it is not possible to exhaust all issues related to administrative reform in a single PEC.
– In Portugal, administrative reform began to gain momentum in 2009 and continues to advance. And it only advanced because it became a matter of state, it advanced in governments of the right and left – he says.
The secretary argues that some changes need to be suggested after the constitutional amendment, citing the case of reduced stability and a reorganization of commissioned posts. And he again cites Portugal as an example:
– The Portuguese have only three general races, in addition to the specific ones. We have 47 plans in the federal government, 117 careers and more than two thousand positions – he said. – We are taking the first step, which is to change the federal structure with more modern bases and, with this, we will come up with other projects that will regulate these points.
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Deputy Tiago Mitraud (Novo-MG), president of the Parliamentary Front, says that Congress will be very active in proposing and deepening some aspects of the reform.
– Perhaps the only advantage that Brazil is always behind in reforms is being able to learn from international examples – he highlights.
Daniel Ortega, a civil service specialist at the World Bank, says that, in addition to the points already identified by the government, the country needs to face the complexity of the pay structure, civil service organization and seek greater flexibility among employees, such as it was obtained by France:
– In the federal government, we identified 179 salary items. This creates difficulties and hampers transparency.
