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A report from the National Institute of Public Health shows that in 2018, more than 1,000 Romanians died as a result of infection with Clostridium difficile, one of the most dangerous hospital bacteria.
The bacterium Clostridium difficile was first isolated from the feces of a healthy child in 1935, being an anaerobic bacterium that lives in the intestines of humans. This, like other clostridia, secretes toxins that are involved in the pathogenesis of the infection. Specialists say that its appearance is favored by the massive administration of antibiotics, which is why the environment in which it is found most often is the intensive care units of Romanian hospitals.
Bacteria, favored by antibiotics
The same INSP study shows that other bacteria are common in Romanian hospitals. they are Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii, and this is because the level of resistance to antibiotics in Romania remains one of the highest in Europe.
The level of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections in our country continues to be the highest in Europe, according to the INSP report. For several pathogenic bacteria, the level of resistance to antibiotics in Romania remains one of the highest in Europe.
Patients in ATI in 2018
The study also shows that the majority of patients admitted to ATI in 2018 and diagnosed with nosocomial infections were using a medical device. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a gram-negative bacillus, the cause of healthcare-associated infections in patients with prolonged hospitalization or severe deterioration of anti-infective barriers (eg, severe burns). It has been identified as one of the main causes of nosocomial pneumonia, nosocomial urinary tract infections or systemic infections. In addition, its involvement in soft tissue infections (especially in patients with severe burns), external otitis and exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, most commonly in patients with cystic fibrosis, has been described.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa has intrinsic resistance to most classes of antibiotics, say those of the INSP in the report cited by the specialized press. The resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae to antibiotics (especially multidrug resistance or widespread resistance, including carbapenems and colistin), as well as the ability to transfer genetic elements to related species, make this species a major public health problem . Furthermore, from a clinical point of view, the high level of resistance to colistin in strains resistant to carbapenems draws attention to the risk of infection by strains resistant to antibiotics.
