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The atmospheric entry, landing and descent phase will begin when the Perseverance carrier enters the atmosphere of Mars for nearly 20,000. km per hour.
This phase should end seven minutes after the Martian landing on the planet’s surface.
The descent in the Lake Crater area is scheduled for 3 pm 55 min. On the US east coast time (22:00 55 min Lithuania), but a radio signal will take another 11 minutes to fly from Mars to Earth, carrying information about the status of the mission.
Mission information in English transmitted by NASA.
At that time, favorable weather is forecast in the northern hemisphere of Mars, but nothing can be assured.
“It is one of the most difficult maneuvers we are doing in this area, and almost 50 percent. Spacecraft sent to the surface of Mars have been lost, “said Matt Wallace, Mars 2020 deputy project manager.
Run into the atmosphere
Ten minutes before flying into the thin and rare atmosphere of Mars, the spacecraft will separate from the travel module, which is equipped with fuel tanks, radio transmitters and solar cells.
The deployable Martian Transport Module will fire up the maneuvering engines to point the protective aerodynamic hood forward.
At an altitude of about 130 km, the machine will enter the atmosphere and begin to heat up. The maximum temperature will be reached after about 80 seconds when the hood is heated to about 1,300 degrees Celsius.
However, perseverance should remain approximately at room temperature.
During landing, the machine may need to correct the trajectory with maneuvering motors.
Parachute deployment
When the device decelerates to less than 1,600 km per hour, a supersonic parachute 21.5 m in diameter will deploy. This will take place at an altitude of 11 km.
Perseverance uses the new Range Trigger technology, where the landing phases are adjusted according to the position of the machine in relation to the landing site.
When asked what the most dangerous moment of this maneuver would be, NASA official Allen Chen responded: “Clearly, much of the risk is centered in the deployment of the supersonic parachute.”
In an attempt to design a new parachute, NASA conducted many high-altitude experiments on Earth. This research has hardly been done since the 1980s.
Heat shield separation
Then about 20 seconds after the parachute deploys, the machine will drop the heat shield. For the first time, the Martian will enter the atmosphere directly and accurately measure the remaining distance to the surface with the landing radar.
Terrain Relative Navigation (TRN) technology will also be used for the first time during this mission. The Martian will turn on a special video camera to recognize the surface formations and compare them with a map stored in memory, where engineers have selected the safest landing sites.
“It will give our machine eyes and the ability to see where it is flying and find out where it is,” Chen explained.
Lower engines
Because the atmosphere on Mars is quite rare, the parachute will only slow the device to 300 km per hour. So Perseverance will have to drop the parachute and tailgate and fire up the rocket engines to land slowly.
The deployable module has eight rocket engines mounted on the Martian. They will turn 2.1 kilometers to the surface.
The aircraft will have to turn to avoid a parachute and tailgate drop, and then continue to use its modern systems until the final landing.
Flying crane
With 12 seconds to go, at a height of 20 meters, the rocket launcher will lower the Martian to the surface, unwinding long ropes like a “flying crane.”
At that moment, the Martian will unfold its chassis and wheels and touch the surface at a speed of 1.2 km per hour. The deployable module will fly to the side and land in a controlled manner nearby.
Perseverance will become the fifth missionary to the Red Planet.
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