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The gardener hobbyist groups on social media are simply roaring with advice, experience exchanges and joys or frustrations about how they have managed to grow one or another seedling that they have already planted or are perhaps just going to plant in their outdoor greenhouses. .
According to researchers from the Department of Plants and Horticultural Technologies of the Institute of Horticulture of the Lithuanian Center for Agricultural and Forest Sciences, dr. Danguolė Juškevičienė (left) and dr. Julė Jankauskienė, when sowing and planting vegetables, it is necessary to choose the right variety (hybrid), quality seeds and seedling growing substrate.
Attention should also be paid to the appropriate planting time for greenhouse vegetables, depending on where they will be grown later. The most popular leafy vegetables
Here in the group “Notes from the gardeners”, Eglė Damunskienė is happy:
“I recently planted radishes, lettuce, dill, spinach in the greenhouse and will be sowing peas early this week.”
Another member of the group, Eagle Ba, also briefly lists what he has already sown:
“In the greenhouse, the lettuce, spinach, radish and dill are already sown. I mixed the fall onions, covered with mulch. It is also possible to sow carrots early from autumn.”
Aurelia Ka seconds it:
“In mid-March, I plant radishes and lettuce in a polycarbonate greenhouse. It doesn’t matter if there’s snow. “
Laima Zolumskienė explains in some detail:
“Radish, lettuce, and onion leaves can be sown and planted in the greenhouse and in March or April, but tomatoes, peppers, and eggplants are sown only on window sills – they need much longer to grow Sowing in a greenhouse alone can hardly produce a harvest or just savor it. If we want to get the best and most abundant harvest possible, we sow earlier and we grow on the windowsills. “
The sowing time depends on several factors.
Of course, many years of experience dictate and teach us what can and should be sown in a greenhouse. But science-based advice will certainly never be too much.
Therefore, we ask Dr. Danguolė Juškevičienė and dr. Julė Jankauskienė, when and how to start correctly sowing the first greens in the spring.
– What are the first vegetables that can already be sown for planting in the greenhouse? When can this be done at the earliest?
– The time of sowing vegetables in the greenhouse depends on the type of greenhouse, heating possibilities and weather conditions. Mid-March is a good time to start growing frost-resistant vegetables in the greenhouse.
The first vegetables that can be grown quickly are radishes, ryegrass, bell peppers, and spinach. Radish and lettuce can be grown in a greenhouse covered with unheated polyethylene film before planting cucumbers or tomatoes.
The best time to sow radishes is when the soil temperature at a depth of 10 cm reaches +5 ° C. Lettuce seedlings are planted in an unheated greenhouse at the end of March (at a temperature of 7-8 ° C at a depth of 10 cm). Dill in the greenhouse can be sown in early April.
– Is there a difference in how to care for the same vegetables planted early and later?
– There is no difference, there is only the possibility that vegetables sown early must be protected from frost.
– Or maybe even in the field, as soon as you get out, you can start thinking about planting some vegetables?
– After leaving the field, first plant and plant garden plants that are resistant to low temperatures. Spring garlic should be planted as early as spring, sowing carrots that will be grown for early maturity. After early sowing of carrots, the crop should be covered with agrofilm. Peas are also frost-resistant plants, so their seeds should be sown as soon as the soil dries.
– Sometimes it is the case that, although vegetables are sown very early, their growth tends to equal that of those sown later. Why is that? How and when to sow correctly?
– Weather conditions are one of the main factors that mainly affect the germination energy of the seeds of vegetable plants in spring. In the spring, in hot climates, due to the favorable moisture balance, the seeds sown early in the soil germinate quickly, the root system forms faster, and the plants grow and develop better.
However, in adverse weather conditions, with prolonged frosts or large day / night temperature fluctuations, the soil does not heat up, seed germination is delayed, and rooting and development slow down. Therefore, the growth of plants sown very early tends to keep up with those sown later. Also, prolonged frosts for several days can destroy young seedlings that have just sprouted.
In the field, it is not advisable to sow the seeds of vegetable plants very early until the soil is warm enough, but the sowing time should not be delayed. When choosing the time of planting, it is necessary to assess the weather conditions. It should be remembered that seeds germinate more difficultly in wet and heavier physical soils. In the climatic conditions of Lithuania, the optimal sowing time for garden plants grown in the field (onions, carrots, beets) is the II and III decades of April.
One of the most important factors influencing the quality of seedlings is light. The performance of the plants also depends on their quality.
When the seedlings are grown in February, there is not enough natural light for the plants. To grow quality seedlings, it is necessary to provide additional lighting. For the seedlings to grow well, the intensity of the light, its spectrum and the length of the day are important. Different types of vegetables need light differently.
If it is not possible to illuminate the seedlings additionally, they should not be sown early. The higher the lighting, the faster and better the seedlings grow, so vegetables sown later catch up with those sown earlier when lighting was insufficient.
– Very often gardeners look at the moon through which they sow and sow vegetables. Does it really work?
– The influence of the moon is more often monitored and taken into account by amateur growers. Popular literature states that during adolescence, its energy accumulates and is concentrated in extremely strong areas of the plant. During rearing, energy accumulates in the roots and at the base of the stem.
During this period, the energy of the seed is very low and insufficient for growth, the growth of young shoots slows down, so it should not be sown or planted during rearing. These days are the most suitable for plant care: accumulation, weeding.
During the full moon, on the contrary, everything comes to life, energy begins to flow from the roots to the upper parts of the plant, filling the shoots and fruits. This is a good time to plant and transplant plants (because the energy is in the leaves and top of the plant, not the roots).
Therefore, between the young and the young are planted those vegetables, the stems of which should grow upwards, and between the plenum and the young, they grow underground and roots: potatoes, turnips, onions, carrots, beets, chestnuts, radishes, black turnips. , asparagus.
– What else should you pay attention to when sowing, planting vegetables?
– Duly selected (hybrid) variety, quality seed and seedling growing medium, adequate sowing time for greenhouse vegetables depending on where they will be grown later.
