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The solar eclipse is a phenomenon in which the Moon, between Earth and the Sun, blocks the light of the Sun. Since ancient times, people considered solar eclipses as signs of miracles, deities of deities or any substantial change in the future .
“Protecting the sun from death”
The earliest indication of a man-observed solar eclipse is approximately 5,000 years old. Carvings on the stone, also known as petroglyphs, have been found in Ireland, County Mido, in the Loughcrew area. Petroglife represents the arrangement of the Sun and the Moon in the sky and the horizon. The stone is likely to be immortalized at 3,340m. pr. The solar eclipse of November 30 a.
The theory that petroglyphs represent the solar eclipse was first raised by Irish aleoarchaeologist Paul Griffin and research began in 1999.
Three years later, in 2002, Griffin confirmed the date of the eclipse and calculated it using astronomical software to estimate the arrangement of the Earth, the Sun, and the Moon. It turned out that the eclipse took place well in the afternoon, during the eclipse almost all the Sun went dark.
The Neolithic people wanted to “protect the heavenly god (the Sun) from death, allowing him to enter the” underworld “beyond the horizon.”
Engravings on the monuments themselves reveal more than one astronomical event: According to the palaeoarchaeologist, overlapping concentric circles represent the solar eclipse, and individual concentric circles indicate the lunar eclipse.
A find found near the area where the carvings are found revealed that the people who lived in this place during the Neolithic period had superstitious fear of the solar eclipse – this fear was accompanied by human sacrifice. The burned bones of 48 people found at one location suggest that the solar eclipse was accompanied by ritual murder.
In 2002, Griffin wrote that the Neolithic people wanted to “protect the sky god (the Sun) from death, allowing him to enter the” underworld “beyond the horizon.”
“Noon turned into night “
Today another solar eclipse in Babylon is known from 2,500-year-old clay tablets. One of them describes the solar eclipse in the city of Ugarito, in what is now Syria. The eclipse took place in 1375. pr. BC, May 3.
The eclipse described in the clay table is one of the first written references to this phenomenon. The table was discovered in 1948.
A 1989 article in the journal Nature also claimed that the eclipse occurred in 1223. pr. AD, but after evaluating all the contents listed in the table, it had to be reconsidered: the table records that the planet Mars was also visible in the sky during the eclipse.
763 pr. Kr. In the Assyrian Empire, in what is now Iraq, the Sun completely darkened for 5 minutes. Surviving records from that period mention the solar eclipse in the same context as the Ashura City Uprising. This suggests that in the consciousness of the people of that time, the two events were closely related.
Ancient Greek writings also describe solar eclipses. One of those who described this astronomical event was the poet Archiloch, who lived in the 7th century. pr. Kr. The eclipse he described probably occurred in 647. The poet wrote that the Olympian chief Zeus turned midday into night by hiding the sunlight.
Descriptions of solar eclipses also survive from ancient China, where astronomers began recording eclipses in the 8th century. pr. BC, and described until the XV century.
Historical sources left by astronomers in the Chinese Empire mention up to 938 solar eclipses, from the Chongqing period (771 B.C. – 476 B.C.) to the beginning of the Ming dynasty (1368 – 1644), and just Several mentions eclipses turned out to be false.
It is true that there are surviving and previous evidences of the solar eclipse. Kevin D. Pank, an astronomer at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory, and his colleagues examined records written in China that have survived on turtle shells (called oracle shells) to find out the date of the eclipse recorded on them. Examination of them revealed that it took place in 1302. pr. BC, June 5.
From the death of Christ to the birth of Muhammad.
The Christian Gospels claim that after the crucifixion of Jesus, the sky darkened, which can be interpreted as a miracle. It is true that historians later found this record useful: using astronomy, they tried to determine the date of Jesus’ death, according to solar eclipses.
Some historians believe that the Bible records a complete solar eclipse that lasted almost 2 minutes in 29 years, while others believe that another total eclipse was described in which sunlight disappeared for more than 4 minutes at age 33.
The eclipse accompanies more than the story of Jesus. The Quran states that the solar eclipse occurred before the birth of the prophet Muhammad.
Historians later discovered that the Koran probably writes about an eclipse that lasted more than 3 minutes in 569 years. The sun also darkened after the death of Ibrahim, the son of Muhammad. However, the early Muslims did not see solar eclipses as signs sent by God.
When William the Conqueror’s son King Henry I of England died in 1133, this event coincided with a total solar eclipse that lasted over four and a half minutes.
In the Historia Novella manuscript, William de Malmesbury writes that “ugly darkness” has touched people’s hearts. The fight that began after death for a stagnant inheritance pushed the kingdom into a whirlwind of chaos. This eclipse is also described in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle.
The first photograph and the theory of relativity.
For thousands of years, the only way to immortalize and represent the solar eclipse was through descriptions and mentions in the chronicles, as well as indentations or interpretations of artists left on the stone or bone.
However, the advent of photography in the 19th century reversed everything. Johann Julius Friedrich Berkowski became the first man to perpetuate the daguerreotype-shaped solar eclipse. He did this on July 28, 1851.
The first photograph of this astronomical phenomenon was taken by J.J.F.Berkowski in Königsberg, then part of the Holy Roman Empire. The solar eclipse was captured for 84 seconds. Since then, astronomical phenomenon photographers have struggled to capture as detailed shots of this cosmic phenomenon as possible.
Illustrated photo from London News Ltd / Sea / Light Bending: The solar eclipse of May 1919 confirmed Albert Einstein’s theory of relativity.
In 1919, the solar eclipse became a kind of symbol of the triumph of scientists. The complete 1919 eclipse, which lasted 6 minutes and 51 seconds, allowed scientists to estimate how starlight is distorted when they are in the sky near the Sun. The discoveries made during the observations confirmed the remarkable theory of relativity. by Albert Einstein.
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