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In recent weeks, Armenia and Azerbaijan have been at odds over the Nagorno-Karabakh territories, an area officially controlled by the Republic of Azerbaijan but internationally recognized as part of Azerbaijan.
If anyone sees map carefully Representing the two states, you will notice that their territories are divided in a way that describes their chronic conflicts, from 1900 to today.
The conflict between them in the Nagorno area, intensified in 1988 when it was still a Soviet Union and escalated into widespread conflict in the early 1990s. Despite the signing of a formal ceasefire in 1994, sporadic fighting and border tensions continue in the region, which recently have resumed with the participation of international actors.
In general, the initial Nagorno-Karabakh war lasted from the late 1980s to May 1994 between the Armenians and the Republic of Azerbaijan.
The two states were part of the USSR with the Azeris trying since then to limit the separatist forces of the Armenian population. However, the first dynamic tensions of the time erupted shortly after the resolution of the parliament of the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Region on the unification of the region with Armenia on February 20, 1988.
More specifically, in 1998 Nagorno had twice formally requested integration into Armenia, and the Central Committee of the Moscow Communist Party responded in the negative. This was followed by an escalation of nationalist rhetoric on both sides, while the flow of Azeris fleeing Armenia and Nagorno-Karabakh increased, and vice versa. February 22, 1998The Azeris attacked hundreds of Armenians in the Caspian port of Sumqayıt, killing at least 26 men and a particularly tense battle ensued.
The enclave parliament voted in favor of union with Armenia in a 1991 independence referendum. However, with the dissolution of the Soviet Union, violent conflicts entered a new cycle of uncontrollability, as there was no “central surveillance” “.
In 1991, Soviet troops were stationed in Nagorno-Karabakh, led by Azorno, to disarm the militia. Large-scale fighting broke out in late winter 1992 with the failure of the UN intervention. At the end of the war in 1994, the Armenians had full control of the territory., with the exception of the Saumyan region, except the surrounding areas of Azerbaijan, mainly the Lachin corridor, a mountain pass that connects Nagorno-Karabakh with the Armenian mainland.
Today, the Republic of Nagorno-Karabakh remains de facto independent, but not internationally recognized. As a result of the conflict, more than 1.5 million Armenians and half a million Azeris have been displaced.
The following bloodiest clashes occurred on March 4, 2008 after the turbulent Armenian elections.
On March 14 of the same year, the United Nations General Assembly, in a roll call of 39 to 7, approved the resolution, calling for “the immediate withdrawal of all Armenian forces from the occupied territories of Azerbaijan.”
In the following years, sporadic clashes broke out on the border between the two countries, while on November 12, 2014, the Azerbaijani Armed Forces shot down a Mil Mi-24 helicopter over the Agdam area in Karabakh.
In January and February 2016, four Armenian and four Azeri soldiers were killed in clashes on the Nagorno-Karabakh border. The clashes continued until the summer of 2016 with the result that dozens of soldiers and civilians lost their lives.
September 26, 2020Armenian sources spoke of an Azeri attack on Nagorno-Karabakh, and the Azeri side said the opposite.
Baku and Yerevan have declared a mobilization with the international community observing the developments without acting on the background. “Oil on fire,” said Erdogan, who is taking a pro-Azerbaijani stance.
It should be noted here that Azerbaijan is a key energy center of importance for Europe. covering approximately 5% of the European energy needs for oil and gas. Its wider area Southern caucasus it is a key artery for the passage of gas and oil from Azerbaijan to Turkey and from there to Europe and other world markets.
Nagorno-Karabakh is located near an oil and gas pipeline junction, which, as analysts have observed, is also a key point in the conflict.
The battle zone is located about 30-40 km from him. BTC pipeline, an important oil artery for international markets, as well as for SCG pipeline, which is connected to Turkey and Europe.
France in favor of Armenia has been involved in today’s dispute, as well as the United States in favor of Yerevan.
Turkey It was the first nation to recognize Azerbaijan’s independence in 1991 and is a longtime ally of the country, with no ties to Armenia.
In 1993, Ankara closed its border with Armenia in support of Azerbaijan during the war against Nagorno-Karabakh. Armenia has argued that Turkey send Syrian warriors to the area fight on the side of Azerbaijan, despite the fact that there is no serious evidence of this
Russia, for its part, continues to maintain very good relations with both countries and is trying to play a mediating role in solving the problems.
The war in Aras
In the “paradoxes” of the conflict between the two states, lies the Nakhichevan region. The region is considered an autonomous democracy and is inhabited by 439,800 citizens.
It is a separate territory from Azerbaijan and borders Armenia, Turkey and Iran. Most of the inhabitants are Azeris, while there are also Russians and Kurds.
Nakhichevan was part of the new Kingdom of Armenia and in the 7th century AD subjected to the Arabs. Until the 11th century, the Seljuk Turks became new conquerors, followed by the Georgians and the Mongols.
In 1828 it was occupied by the Russians and the Tsarist authorities encouraged the resettlement of the Armenian population. His khanate was dissolved in 1828 and he joined that of Yerevan. During the Russian Revolution of 1905 there were violent clashes between Azeris and Armenians. Massacres followed and the Armenian population declined.
In December 1918, with the support of the Azerbaijani Equality Party, Jafar Kuli Khan Nakhchivan proclaimed the Republic of Aras in Nakhichevan. The Armenian government did not recognize the new state and sent an army to the area. Thus, war broke out in Aras. In 1919, Armenian rule was consolidated in the separatist region. The British withdrew in the same year, while the war between Armenians and Azeris raged on.
In 1920, Nakhichevan was occupied by the Red Army and became an autonomous Soviet socialist republic with close ties to Azerbaijan. Under Soviet rule, the tensions between Azerbaijanis and Armenians diminished and the infrastructure improved.
Violent clashes broke out in the region in 1992, during the Nagorno-Karabakh war, mentioned above.
Today, Nakhichevan remains autonomous and internationally recognized as part of Azerbaijan., but it is governed by a Parliament elected by its inhabitants. A new Constitution for Nakhichevan was approved in a referendum on November 12, 1995 and approved by the National Assembly on April 28, 1998.
This democracy remains isolated, not only from the rest of Azerbaijan, but also from practically the entire southern Caucasus region.
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