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The revised guidelines from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control (CDC) for use of masks to prevent its transmission coronavirus The doctors of the Therapeutic Clinic of the Faculty of Medicine of the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Theodora Psaltopoulou, Panagiotis Malandrakis, Ioannis Danasis and Thanos Dimopoulos (Rector of EKPA) abstract.
The SARS-CoV-2 virus is transmitted from person to person through the respiratory tract. Wearing a mask is a simple barrier to infectious respiratory droplets and is necessary even for those who are not sick, as studies have shown that patients who never show symptoms or who have not yet had time to develop transmit the virus. The main value of the mask is to protect others in case someone gets sick, especially if they cannot keep a distance of at least 2 meters. The use of the mask also protects the wearer from others, depending on their material.
Everyone should wear a mask, as the scientists point out. The exceptions, potentially, are children under 2 years of age, people with respiratory distress, and people with behavioral or cognitive problems, where different prevention alternatives should be tried.
The types of masks
A proper cloth mask should be made from at least two levels of tight-fitting fabric, such as cotton, and facilitate breathing through it (leather and plastic masks are recommended to be avoided). Non-surgical disposable masks can be used in situations where the cloth mask can get dirty. Inhalation valve masks are not recommended because they do not protect against the spread of the virus should the user become ill. Surgical masks should be used by healthcare professionals. Clear plastic mouthwashes are an alternative for special occasions, such as deaf people, children learning to read, or students learning foreign languages, people with disabilities, or in cases where mouth movements must be visible, such as singers. If this alternative is used, it should be confirmed that the user is breathing normally, that no moisture accumulates inside the mask, and that the mask should be removed during sleep.
Other types of face protection, such as glasses and face shields, are not recommended as a mask replacement, as they leave large gaps around the face that allow droplets to pass through. In cases where the mask cannot be used and the use of a shield is the only solution, then it should cover the entire face up to the chin. It is also recommended to wash your hands thoroughly when removing the protector and if it is reusable it should be disinfected according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
In cases where the use of a mask is not possible, guidelines are established for the optimal prevention of virus transmission. In restaurants it is recommended to wear a mask except when eating. In activities in the water, the use of the mask is also difficult, as in sports activities -in general- of higher intensity, but the distance of two meters between people is recommended. In people with chronic respiratory problems, the use of the mask can be discussed with the attending physician, while people with asthma can use the mask normally. Those who work outdoors may not be able to wear a mask due to the increased risk of heat stroke at high temperatures. In this case, wearing a mask is a priority when there are many people together.
Finally, it is important to note that wearing a mask does not increase the levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) that the user inhales. The CO2 molecule is small enough to pass through the sides of the mask during breathing and speech, and through the mask, whereas the virus is large enough to pass through a properly fitted mask.
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