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More than a year after the outbreak of the pandemic that imposed unprecedented restrictions, the entire planet is fighting for a return to normalcy, even cowardly.
30% of the US population has received at least one dose of the vaccine. coronavirus (either Pfizer-BioNTech or Moderna or Johnson & Johnson) and 16.9% are considered fully immunized, according to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
However, many people are concerned and fearful of the vaccine because of possible side effects, which can range from fever and headache to more serious reactions, such as large rashes or rashes.
Doctors say that these serious reactions are rare and that common side effects, such as pain where the vaccine was given, are a sign that the immune system is responding.
DailyMail.com spoke with three infectious disease experts about the side effects to expect from the Pfizer, Moderna, and Johnson & Johnson vaccines, why they occur in some people, and what it means.
Pfizer / Biontech vaccine
The most common symptom after the Pfizer vaccine is pain or swelling at the administration site, headache, fatigue, fever, chills, and muscle aches.
“Between 20 and 80 percent of people will experience it,” says Dr. Richard Kennedy, a professor of medicine at the Mayo Clinic in Minnesota and one of the leaders of the Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group. “These are usually mild to moderate symptoms and last a day or two.”
Dr. Thad Stappenbeck, director of the Lerner Research Institute at a clinic in Cleveland, Ohio, notes that in his own experience, Headache is the most common side effect. “Headaches are probably the most common and from people I know who have been vaccinated,” he says.
But there is less common side effects such as nausea, vomiting, and swollen lymph nodes.
According to Kennedy, fewer than one in 10 people will experience these three side effects.
Finally, there is a rare allergic reaction to the vaccine, which includes hives, itching and edema, and even a rash. Anaphylactic shock is a serious and life-threatening reaction to an allergy to food, medicine, or even some type of material.
Kennedy notes that about one in 100,000 who receive the vaccine will experience such a reaction. However, the good news is that it is “quite rare and quite treatable.”
For this reason, the CDC requires a 15-minute follow-up of all vaccine administration sites, as well as those with a history of severe allergies for 30 minutes.
Doctors also point out that stronger reactions are more likely after the second dose because the immune system is primed to fight the virus and elicit a response after taking the last dose, only to find that the alarm is false.
Modern vaccine
As with the Pfizer vaccine, its most common side effects Modern include it pain at the site, fever, chills, headache, and fatigue.
“Low fever, pain, and difficulty sleeping the first night are flu-like symptoms,” says Dr. Robert Murphy, an infectious disease specialist at Northwestern Medicine in Chicago. “They leave in 48 hours,” he added.
Also, as in the case of Pfizer, some may experience stronger side effects after the second dose.
A very small number of Moderna patients have reported anaphylaxis after the first dose. “This is a well-documented phenomenon,” Murphy said.
Some, only in the Modern vaccine, have reported the so-called “Covid arm”, itchy and swollen skin, sometimes accompanied by red bumps or hives. But it is a harmless immune system response to the vaccine that weakens within a week.
Johnson & Johnson vaccine
Your unique vaccine Johnson and Johnson it has significantly milder side effects than the other two vaccines, according to the report. “Fewer people report side effects,” Kennedy says. “It just came to our knowledge then. The most common are pain where the vaccine is given, which is not surprising since an injection is inserted into your arm, which will feel about 50%. “
A third report fatigue and muscle pain, 10-15% nausea and approximately 10% swelling and redness at the administration site.
But why does the J&J vaccine cause fewer side effects? According to Murphy, this is because the vaccine is different from the other two. The J&J vaccine combines genetic material from the new virus with genes from the adenovirus, which cause the common cold, to elicit an immune response.
By comparison, the Pfizer and Moderna vaccines use a newer platform, part of the pathogen’s genetic code called messenger RNA, or mRNA, to allow the body to recognize the coronavirus and attack if a person becomes infected.
There are no reports of anaphylaxis after vaccination of J&J recipients, but Stappenbeck explains that this may be due to the fact that fewer people have been vaccinated.
Why do younger people have more serious side effects?
There are reports that younger people have more serious side effects than older people. According to doctors, this is because the immune system evolves as we age. “As we age, everything in our body doesn’t work as well, and the immune system is no exception,” Kennedy says.
“The truth is that younger people have stronger immune systems, and when you’re older, you don’t have as much response,” adds Murphy. But that does not mean that older people are not protected.
Is the reaction more likely in women?
There are also reports of more side effects in women. Women are more likely to report worse side effects after receiving COVID-19 vaccines than men, CDC data reveals.
According to Kennedy, the reason behind this is a combination of biological and behavioral factors. “Women’s immune systems behave a bit differently, they have a stronger response.” They are also more likely to go to the doctor if something goes wrong, while men may try to ignore it. “
Do I finally have to get vaccinated?
All three respond: “Yes, I have to get the vaccine as soon as it is available.” The effectiveness of these vaccines has been remarkable, “says Stappenbeck.
“Less than 1% of those who are fully vaccinated later get infected. This is a better number than what we got from clinical trials. That’s what we call real data.”
Stappenbeck also suggests preparing for the possibility of experiencing some of the side effects, such as taking a day off from work.
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