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Along with anxiety about how much Efficiently will be tested in practice vaccinations mRNA type in their fight coronavirus, some questions like: a) What are the side effects of these new pharmaceutical technologies? b) How did their saving action suddenly arise and why, if they are considered a panacea, do they need the pandemic raid to come to light? c) If mRNAs could rid humanity of COVID-19, could they do the same, for example, with cancer?
Possible convincing answers – if we assume they exist – It must be sought, first, in the scientific labyrinths of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and so on. Yet at the same time, the story behind the Pfizer / BioNTech and Moderna vaccines, the most advanced of those using genetic mRNA technology, cannot be ignored. At least, because the mystery surrounding how mRNA drug research in the 1990s was almost abandoned as ineffective, should be explained. However, with a near-novel twist and ultra-fast process for the production of new and original vaccines, some of the unwanted mRNAs found themselves on the front lines of the battle to eradicate the epidemic.
Under their pressure Important, urgent and current issues related to the efficacy and safety of mRNA vaccines. Participation, for example, in what “messenger RNA” means, how exactly it works and, more generally, whether one must become an amateur geneticist or biochemist before receiving doses of vaccine to save oneself from COVID-19 are more options. beyond the immediate. priority. Starting at the end, the side effects of both mRNA vaccines (Pfizer / BioNTech and Moderna) are about 95% effective. With minimal symptoms and not worrisome in the people who did them, either at some stage of the tests or now in their administration, where it has already been approved.
According to data from Pfizer, fatigue and headache were observed in a percentage of vaccinated patients of 3.8% and 2%, respectively. In this sense, but not in its final form, but only for Critical phase 3 of the tests, Moderna says there are no serious reasons for concern. Although there were some side effects from receiving the vaccine: a total of 95 recipients out of the thousands who tested it experimentally experienced fatigue, myalgia, joint pain, headache, various algae, skin irritation, and redness at the site of the shot. injection. In none of these cases did the incidence rate exceed 10%.
If someone insists To identify the most serious of possible side effects of mRNA vaccines for coronavirus, currently no more adequate data will be foundsimply because of the youth of the available vaccines. Therefore, the search for disadvantages is directed to drugs of the same type but for different diseases. One of the scientists who insisted on mRNA research and essentially paved the way for vaccines like Pfizer, the American infectious disease specialist, cytologist, and molecular biologist at the University of Pennsylvania, Dr. Drew Weisman, noted in a report in 2018 that “Treatment of influenza and rabies with mRNA vaccines has generally been safe, with no signs of widespread intolerance among patients. However, moderate to severe (in some cases rare) recipient reactions were observed. Concern focuses on consequences that need further investigation and testing, such as chronic and local inflammation.Some of the mRNA platform-based vaccines may be associated with interferon production disorders, an effect that is associated not only with inflammation but also with autoimmune diseases.Therefore, people with increased autoimmunity should be identified before administration.
Dr Weisman and his associates indicated in the same report that “We have been informed of other mRNA investigations, in which blood coagulation disorders and pathological thrombosis formation have been reported”. However, the great diversity of the human species prevents an early prediction of the absolute accuracy of the possible side effects of such a new formulation. Even symptoms that have already been recorded may be due to a combination of special characteristics, pre-existing pathology, etc. and they have nothing to do with the general behavior of mRNA vaccines.
The first vaccine was given to Margaret Keenan, 90, a few days before her birthday. The elderly woman, who was applauded by nursing staff when she left, received the first of 800,000 doses of the Pfizer / BioNTech vaccine to be administered to doctors, nurses, vulnerable groups and the elderly in the UK.
What is mRNA?
In contrast to concerns about the possible side effects of vaccines such as MRNA reassuring assurances from Pfizer and other producers citing not only the extremely low rate of adverse effects but also the structure and philosophy, otherwise the essence of mRNA. Very schematically, the notable difference between these types of vaccines and those of the previous generation, common or conventional, is that the mRNA activates the immune system of the human body by transmitting commands (hence the name “messenger RNA”). It passes on the appropriate genetic code to create a natural machine to produce antidotes to the virus. An mRNA vaccine does not “infect” humans with harmful virus strains to strengthen them with the development of immunity, that is, what older vaccines try to achieve by mimicking the behavior of viruses. Scientists believe that this radically different mRNA operation puts little pressure on the human body. And since they don’t require hard-to-reach organic ingredients, mRNA vaccines are proportionally easier to make in a chemical lab and in large quantities. This element obviously has a direct impact on the speed of mass production, but also on reducing the cost of the final product.
Digging a little deeper recommendation of new vaccines and to the extent permitted by the lack of specialized scientific knowledge, the main reason why organizations such as Pfizer, the BioNTech, the Modern etc. chose the mRNA pathway is the coronavirus itself. A microorganism whose genome (genetic identity, programming and, more abstractly, your mission in the living world) it is not registered in DNA. This applies to humans. SARS-CoV-2 is an RNA virus. RNA (ribosonucleic acid) is a simpler form of single-stranded or single-stranded genetic material, if you want to get into the technical details. DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) has a double helix and infinite capacities to manage the trillions of microparticles that make up a human being. In this case, scientists who have previously discovered the secrets of the coronavirus assign an “agent” task to an mRNA vaccine. The mRNA is introduced into humans and carries the gene for a specific antibody, which is exactly what is needed to stop the invasion of the malicious germ. The antigen, as a new protein, is incorporated into cells and is recognized by the body as a friendly force, as an ally. This reaction is critical, since the main problem for researchers during their first period of involvement with mRNA was that the human system expelled it, since it was mistaken for a hostile element. This explains, albeit superficially, the initial distrust shown by the majority of the scientific community towards the prospect of mRNA-based therapies.
Panacea;
prior to 15 years the Catalin Carico, Hungarian biochemist who also worked at the University of Pennsylvania with Dr. Weisman, after years of persistent but unsuccessful research. managed to avoid “misunderstanding” during mRNA recognition and its rejection by the organism in the first phase of the experimental animals, then the human. Cariko, who had experienced contempt by a large portion of his colleagues, questioning even his scientific competence, ultimately it was solemnly vindicated.
Today is Vice President of BioNTech and his contribution to the creation of the coronavirus vaccine was invaluable. However, prior to COVID-19, Carico had focused on how mRNA technology could be used. for the treatment of very serious diseases such as cancer, in its various forms such as leukemia, polymorphic glioblastoma (malignant brain tumors), melanoma, etc. Through this field of research and largely by identifying their interests with Dr. Kariko, Ugur Sahin and Ezlem Tureci, the Turkish-born medical couple, they founded BioNTech. And while they have so far failed to announce any spectacular progress in cancer treatment, the astronomical profits expected to flow into the BioNTech fund will greatly enhance the research and development of relevant new technology drugs. Particularly encouraging for the achievement of the goal is the success of the mRNA therapies that Moderna and AstraZeneca test in diabetic heart patients. The administration of some experimental preparations of mRNA technology resulted in beneficial improvement of blood circulation, a critical factor in preventing heart attack.
However, as with any scientific innovation, all success that is transmitted by waves of enthusiasm around the world is accompanied by a views dimension. By the rule Vaccines, medications, etc. are not excluded. mRNA type. The antithesis of those who treat them as, albeit potentially, a supership in the face of any kind of health threat, is the observation that, unlike, say, cancer, the coronavirus is a relatively easy target for mRNA. . Despite the 71 million cases and 1.6 million deaths that the planet has in the last year.
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