[ad_1]
In Colombia, women receive less salary than men. In 2018, according to the Dane they received 12.1% less salary than men, or to put it another way, they received 87.9% of what men earned.
Thus, women earn less, even though they have the same educational level as men. In other words, the educational achievements of Colombian women do not necessarily translate into greater job placement or a better quality of the jobs to which they are incorporated, or in their possibility of access to positions of private and public decision-making.
(In other news: The 10 recommendations of the Government for the third Day without VAT)
According to the records of the Ministry of Education at the professional level from 2001 to 2018, it is observed that, in all years, the number of women graduating is greater than that of men.
In 2018, for every 100 men who graduated, 127 women did. However, women without schooling receive 37.5% less salary than men with the same educational level and the gap persists even at high educational levels. Women with university studies receive 18.8% less than men with studies at this level.
In this way, women invest time and financial resources in their preparation, and it is even common that they have to combine a heavy load of domestic work and
unpaid care with their study activities. Even so, upon reaching the
labor market, they receive less payment for their work.
(Also: María F. Cabal’s insult to Santos and a former ambassador to the United States.)
These are the results of the book ‘Women and men: gender gaps in Colombia’, launched this Tuesday by UN Women, the Presidential Council for Women (CPEM), and the National Administrative Department of Statistics (DANE).
The book also warns that, although the insertion of women into the labor market has increased, they, in addition to working a double shift, the average monthly labor income of caregivers and working women is 27% lower than men who also perform both activities, in addition to that, on average, they work 2 hours and 10 minutes longer than men.
(Do not remain unread: Senator Benedetti’s strong insult to Congresswoman Angela Robledo)
Women in spaces of power
Colombia has a vice president (Marta Lucía Ramírez), its capital is governed by a woman (Claudia López) and half of its ministries are directed by women. Thus, according to the book, the participation of women in decision-making shows progress.
In public administration positions, women hold 44.7% of the executive positions and 42.7% of the positions of the highest decision-making level. In addition, there is a joint ministerial cabinet, as well as a percentage of women over 40% in freely appointed positions.
(We suggest: How close are we to electing a female president?)
However, there is still a lag in popularly elected positions: 24.5% of legislative seats are held by women and 19.7% of seats in Congress are held by women.
This is due to the fact that women face significant barriers in terms of funding, place on the list, access to the media and other aspects for which they end up notably underrepresented, such as in the case of Congress, governorships and mayors.
For this reason, Congress has debated in the last decade at least five political-electoral reforms –both constitutional and legal– and regulations, which have not concluded in approval. and in which measures have been repeatedly incorporated to ensure the application of the principles of parity, alternation and universality for the full political participation of Colombian women.
Even last week the political reform collapsed, which contained a key provision that established gender parity in Congress, this Monday the first joint committees of the Senate and the House approved a proposal, by congressmen Ana María Castañeda and César Lorduy , which seeks that the lists presented by the parties for public corporations (councils, assemblies and Congress) be made up of 50 percent men and 50 percent women.
This is important, because “women in politics tend to draw attention to issues such as gender-based violence, the design of labor policies in favor of women’s rights and the development of families; attention to vulnerable groups or historically discriminated, such as ethnic populations; they also promote greater cooperation between parties and a more sustainable peace in post-agreement reconstruction, “the book warns.
(In other news: What Joe Biden already told Iván Duque about the peace process)
What to do about it? Juan Daniel Oviedo, director of Dane, responds
How to reduce the wage gap between men and women?
The 12.1% lower remuneration that women receive in relation to men, deepens when there are independent people or informal workers because that gap becomes almost 30%. As for the gap also by study, it is due to the fact that the concentration of the female employed population is in economic activities that do not necessarily allow recognition of the postgraduate training that women have.
Despite the fact that women make up 51% of the population, almost 40% of the employed population becomes engaged in activities that do not necessarily recognize the educational level within the salary structure.
What to do about it?
Two-thirds of both men and women in the country agree that women are more efficient doing housework than men, so automatically with this stereotype a stigma is generated in the training of girls and adolescents.
Furthermore, on average women work 14 hours a day, men 12, but women have to work 7 hours a day at home on average, while men only dedicate 3 hours a day to this. But if this unpaid work were paid, it would weigh 20% of Colombian GDP (Gross Domestic Product), it would be more important than manufacturing GDP. But this activity must be recognized as an activity with a very important social value and care time must be reduced, and for this public policies are required.
How is the situation of women in positions of power?
It must be recognized that 44.7% of the executive positions of the Colombian State are held by women. In other words, the scenarios of political participation and leadership in the public sector have been a fundamental element. However, regarding the participation of women in seats of Congress or in popularly elected positions, we see that at the beginning of the last decade there was a significant increase in participation in Congress or in popularly elected positions, it has stagnated, and indicates that we understand what is behind these gender stereotypes, so that by solving them we can move forward in a more meaningful way.
LUISA MERCADO
POLITICAL WRITING
Instagram: @ luisamercado1
Twitter: @LuisaMercadoD
[ad_2]
