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The mosquito infestation has started in early summer. Mosquito infestation begins as soon as night falls. There is no relief from mosquito attack even during the day. At night, coils, mosquito repellent sprays, mosquito nets are not enough to get rid of mosquito bites. Even if you go to bed at noon to rest, you have to pull the mosquito net as at night. Mosquito bites have been linked to chikungunya, malaria, filariasis, dengue, and other mosquito-borne diseases. However, there is no initiative to kill mosquitoes. Mosquito infestation has increased suddenly due to the change of seasons. Added to this, mosquito infestation is increasing as regular medications are not sprayed, bushes are not cleaned, dirt and trash accumulates in drains, and suitable mosquito habitat is increased.
Mosquitoes and mosquito-borne diseases Dengue and chikungunya cause panic at certain times of the year. During this time various programs are carried out, great action plans are taken, the budget is increased. Even though millions of rupees have been spent eradicating mosquitoes in this way, the question remains how much the results are getting. If we work in different countries of the world by coordinating to solve national problems, it is not seen in many cases in our country. The departments involved in mosquito control in particular are unfortunate in this regard, but it is true that they spend their time blaming each other.
In 1948, an office was established at Lalbagh in Dhaka to control the malaria epidemic, which initially managed to control mosquitoes but was unable to recover later. According to the media, the central mosquito control office became ineffective as the workforce was split between the two Dhaka city corporations.
The control and extermination of mosquitoes is a technical and scientific matter. There are unique and independent organizations for the control of mosquitoes and other vectors in different countries of the world, which control mosquitoes and mosquito-borne diseases through a combination of research, surveillance, control, education, research and technology. We also need to create institutions that can independently and scientifically control mosquitoes responsibly. If sustainable technology, training, quality control of used mosquito repellants and all kinds of facilities can be promoted, these institutions can do well. It will have branches in all the districts and upazila of the country, which will work under the same umbrella throughout the year. Mosquito control will be much easier if cleaners do their job well.
Mosquito control is not possible simply by spraying clean and mosquito repellent. This requires the adoption of scientific methods. Use of technology to control mosquito breeding. The first effective step in controlling mosquitoes is to monitor or study mosquito prevalence, that is, find out which mosquitoes are present in which area and in what numbers. Second, find out the possible causes and sources of mosquito outbreaks in those areas. Third, apply sustainable methods of extermination and control of mosquitoes according to the type of mosquito and its breeding. Also check the effectiveness of the medicines used and if they have developed resistance to mosquitoes against them.
Since adult mosquitoes bite, it seems to be more important, but people may not realize that killing larvae (babies) is more important than adult mosquitoes in mosquito control. The idea may be that the larvae cannot bite. But it is more important to prevent mosquitoes from breeding than to kill them. Mosquitoes spend the first 10 days of their life in water, then when they become adults it is difficult for them to die. However, these tiny babies, who look like fat, wingless grasshoppers, are easily killed. Therefore, identifying and eradicating mosquito breeding sites in water is an important and effective part of mosquito control. Mosquito larvae must be destroyed by checking standing water and care must be taken so that the water does not stagnate or breed mosquitoes in these places.
In recent years, the trend for rooftop gardens in the country has increased. The water stored in the tubs or containers in these gardens also acts as a suitable environment for mosquito breeding.
To reduce mosquito infestation, regularly clean bushes, clean drains, take care that water does not collect in rooftop bathtubs, and change the water every day. Mosquito repellent requires fogging or chemical spraying every at least seven days.
Organophosphates and pyrethroids have been reported to develop mosquito repellants against pesticides in many parts of the world. It is not uncommon for mosquitoes to develop resistance to the pesticides used in our country. In addition, the excessive use of pesticides or insecticides to control insects and spiders in agriculture can increase the resistance of mosquitoes. Therefore, new pesticides must be used to kill mosquitoes. In addition, concerted action must be taken to prevent mosquito resistance to these pesticides. For example, use of non-chemical pesticides, biological regulators, environmental management, and public awareness. Many of us think that mosquito control basically means spraying; But keep in mind that spraying is only a small part of the integrated mosquito control system. For this, most of the total budget for mosquito control should be used to prevent mosquito breeding.
Insect reproduction may increase due to global warming. You need to create a map of the spread of mosquitoes across the country during mosquito season. There needs to be a clear picture of which mosquito species are in which area. At least once a year, it is necessary to monitor whether the pesticides used on mosquitoes have developed resistance.
Entomologists study mosquito species, species, numbers, life cycles, reproduction, pesticides, and mosquito-borne diseases. But there is a crisis of entomologists in the country. According to the Disease Control Branch of the Department of Health, there are no entomologists in 12 municipal corporations in the country. The same goes for the government’s Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control and Research (IEDCR). At the local level, there are entomologists in only 23-24 districts. However, most of them have gone from technicians to entomologists. Therefore, it is necessary to have the cooperation of entomologists from different educational and research institutes in the country or to build a central mosquito control institute with their opinions and expert services. These organizations will have trained and trained technicians who will work in the field to kill and control mosquitoes. Mosquitoes and mosquito-borne diseases like dengue and chikungunya are our national problems. Therefore, the government and the institutions concerned must play a greater role in solving this problem. Establish a single and effective independent mosquito control organization. For this we can follow the developed countries.
Author: Researcher and Professor at Bangladesh Agricultural University
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