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Professor Dr. Rashida Begum, Senior Consultant, Member of the Center for Research and Care of Infertility Limited (ICRC), World Endometriosis Society
Endometriosis is a major problem in gynecological problems in women. It is a disease of reproductive age. Between 10 and 15 percent of women of reproductive age are affected by this disease. Chronic pelvic pain is the cause of 80% of women who suffer from chronic lower abdominal pain. Although it starts at a young age, it can often take up to 9-10 years to be identified. Because many parts of the lower abdomen are responsible for abdominal pain, it is too late to diagnose the disease.
What is endometriosis?
Endometriosis is the growth of endometrial tissue outside the endometrial cavity of the uterus. It can occur in the ovaries, the back of the uterus, esophagus, bladder and urethra, the lining of the lungs, the belly button, the incision site for surgery, and even the brain.
Normally, menstrual blood is produced within the uterus and exits through the vagina every month; But as a result of this disease, there is no way for menstrual bleeding to come out of these places. As a result, blood begins to pool there every month. This clotted blood causes adverse reactions in the surrounding body cells. Each month blood clots form in the ovaries like a sac, called a chocolate cyst. Also, various organs such as the esophagus, bladder, ovaries, ovaries, and uterus are attached to each other. The result is difficulty having children.
Who could it be
► The reason is largely unknown.
Generally 30 to 40 years old; However, anyone can become infected at any age.
রোগ The disease is more common in rich families and beautiful women. The cause is still unknown.
মাস Teenage girls may be suspected of having severe menstrual cramps.
► Those whose mothers or sisters have a history of the disease are also at increased risk of infection.
► Menstrual blood can also enter the abdomen through the ovaries.
It can be due to genetic or hereditary reasons.
Symptoms
The symptoms of endometriosis depend on the organ in which the endometrial tissues are formed. Some of the common symptoms of endometriosis are:
প্রচ Severe pain in the lower abdomen or pelvic region during menstruation (dysmenorrhea).
ব্য Pain during intercourse (dyspareunia).
Abnormally heavy bleeding (menorrhagia) during the menstrual cycle
Feeling of pain when defecating and urinating.
Infertility or infertility, etc.
Due to the above symptoms, many people are unable to work daily and suffer from stress.
Diagnosis
A complete history of the patient and a complete physical exam (including a pelvic exam) usually help identify endometriosis. Also, some tests are needed to diagnose the disease and see how much it has spread. E.g.
Transvaginal ultrasound: This test shows what endometrial tissue has settled in the pelvic region, especially the diagnosis of ovarian cyst cyst is possible with ultrasound.
Laparoscopy – This is the best way to diagnose endometriosis. Because it is possible to identify the disease at an early stage.
MRI and CT scan: This test can detect deep-seated or penetrating endometriosis.
Treatment
There are several treatments for endometriosis. However, this disease cannot be completely cured with treatment. It is a recurring disease; That can be repeated. So it is an effective treatment to remove the uterus with two ovaries. This is not possible for those who are young and do not have children or a complete family. However, the disease is under control if regular treatment is taken according to the rules. Medication and operation: These two methods are used to treat the disease.
Medications: One of the treatments for endometriosis is to stop menstruation. This is possible by taking medication. Menstrual cramps can be relieved with some pain relievers. If that doesn’t work, menstruation is stopped by applying different hormones. The result is not pain, and gradually the disease heals, the cyst becomes smaller. Birth control pills are the most acceptable and inexpensive treatment. There are more different treatments; However, the problem with this method is that they control the birth rate. Cure the disease; But it is not possible to have a baby during treatment.
Surgery: Organs affected by endometriosis can slowly take the shape of a tumor. Then it must be removed by surgery. There are two types of operations.
1. Conservative: where the cyst is removed and the adhesion removed.
2. Definitive: Two ovaries and uterus are removed (applicable for those who are older and have children).
Treatment of infertility: About 50% of people who have endometriosis have a hard time having children. Its treatment is a conservative operation. This can be done by cutting the abdomen or laparoscopy, but laparoscopy is the best treatment.
If you do not have children, it is necessary to undergo a test tube treatment. When the disease is more complicated, the test tube is treated directly without surgery.
What to do to prevent endometriosis
Although endometriosis cannot be prevented, its complications can be prevented. Here are some things you can do:
► Adolescents should seek the help of a gynecologist without neglecting menstrual cramps.
রাখা Stop menstruation by taking birth control pills or the hormone progesterone.
না Married girls should not delay in having children.
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