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The more the coronavirus spreads from one person to another, the more the structure of their genes changes as a way of surviving. A resistant vaccine or medicine is needed to prevent the virus. Strong vaccines or antiviral drugs are needed to completely eradicate the deadly virus from the human body. That is what scientists say.
Vaccines create strong immune systems against infectious germs in the human body. For this, the complete (inactive) virus or any part of it is specially purified in the laboratory and introduced into the human body. Work is very much like poisoning.
As soon as the viral protein enters the body, the body builds a ‘memory B cell’ to resist it. This memory stimulates B cells to make antibodies. Another function of this memory is cell B. That is to introduce the infectious virus into the body. In the future, this virus will attack the body so that the body can produce its own useful antibodies. This is the job of the vaccine. The entire world is struggling to make such a vaccine.
To find an antidote to this virus, you first have to understand its character. The main strain of the SARS-COV-2 beta-corona RNA virus virus strain that enters the human body is its spiny glycoprotein. With the help of this, they are spreading in the body in association with the ACE-2 protein (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2) from the cells of the human body. Now the job of the vaccine will be two-one, to break this alliance process. Two, neutralize viral proteins by making antibodies and increase the body’s resistance to disease.
Which countries in the world are manufacturing the coronavirus vaccine and how?
Modern, a Massachusetts-based biotechnology company, is developing the MRNA-1273 vaccine under the auspices of the United States National Institutes of Health. The first test of this vaccine has been in the human body. The vaccine is based on the sequence of messenger RNA or mRNA. MRNA is the messenger of the body. Gather genetic information or the ‘genetic code’ of everything in which cells make proteins, where chemical changes occur, to get it to the required place in the body.
Scientists say that such a messenger, MRNA, has been chosen as the basis for the vaccine. The job of this vaccine will be to stimulate the body’s cells to make antiviral proteins. The Cavd-19 ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine has been developed in a joint venture between the Jenner Institute of Great Britain and the University of Oxford. The vaccine will be tested on 500 people ages 18 to 55 in the Thames Valley in England.
The study was led by Scientific Professor Sarah Gilbert, Professor Andrew Pollard, Teresa Lambe, Dr. Sandy Douglas, and Professor Adrian Hill. The ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine was developed using adenoviral vaccine vectors and the viral strain protein SARS-COV-2. This vaccine will increase the normal immunity of the body’s cells.
The ‘S Spike’ vaccine is being developed at the University of Queensland and at the Nanotechnology Laboratory at the initiative of Keith Chappell, Paul Young and Trent Munro, three Australian scientists. The vaccine was developed by testing 250 formulas, the researchers said, which is a sequence of amino acids that will neutralize viral proteins.
A doctor at the Royal Melbourne Hospital in Australia, Dr. Peter Doherty, head of the institute’s virus identification laboratory, is making the vaccine by copying the new coronavirus. Deputy Director of the Julian Drus and Doherty Institute. Mike Caton. Dr. Mike Catton said that the coronavirus genome was sequenced by collecting samples from a patient infected with the virus at Royal Melbourne Hospital.
The vaccine, developed by scientists at the University of Hong Kong, is said to eliminate the effects of the flu and coronavirus. Matthew McKay, a data scientist at the University of Hong Kong, and Ahmed Abdul Qadir said that the epitopes from the B and T cells of the SARS virus had been removed, a protein fragment that could prevent SARS-VOC infection. It also increases the resistance of the body.
China has claimed that two of its vaccines will be tested in humans. A vaccine has been developed at Synovac Biotech in Beijing. The vaccine was developed by the Wuhan Institute for Biological Products, part of the China National Pharmaceutical Group. Scientists claim that the vaccine can produce powerful antibodies in the body’s cells that prevent viral proteins from binding to the body’s transport proteins. It also increases the body’s resistance to disease. Bioentech, one of the country’s largest biotech firms, is working with German pharmaceutical company Pfizer to develop the vaccine. The study is led by Professor Ugar Sahin. He said that BNT 162 is actually a candidate vaccine. His clinical trials in the laboratory are successful. Then the human test will start very soon.
Johnson & Johnson is developing the Covid vaccine. The vaccine is being developed by Johnson & Johnson’s research wing, Janssen Pharmaceutical Company, in a joint venture with the Advanced Biomedical Research and Development Authority. Johnson & Johnson has been working on the vaccine since January. Harvard Medical School assisted them in this work. Scientists say the vaccine candidate was designed by identifying viral proteins. This vaccine is claimed to further enhance the immunity of the body’s cells. Testing of the vaccine could start in September, the agency said.
Innovio Pharmaceuticals, a biotechnology company in Pennsylvania, is investigating a new type of vaccine to prevent DNA infection from the Cavid-19 vaccine. The agency said in a press release that its investigation had been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration. The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and the Coalition for Outbreak Preparedness Innovations have funded Inovio Biopharma’s vaccine research. Researchers at Innovio Biopharmaceuticals claim that the DNA vaccine can inactivate the viral protein of the RNA virus infectious beta-corona strain SARS-COV-2.
The vaccine is being developed by the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine. Researchers from the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine have claimed that the clinical trial of the vaccine candidate was successful in rats. This vaccine has produced strong antibodies against SARS-COV-2 in rats. This vaccine is called the Pittsburgh Coronavirus vaccine. Virologist Lewis Fallo says that by identifying the SARS-COV-2 viral proteins, the laboratory has developed a viral protein that will stimulate the body’s immune system by producing strong antibodies.
Intensive research on the corona vaccine is also underway in India. Cadillac Healthcare and Bharat Biotech, two of the country’s largest pharmaceutical companies, are conducting research on the Cavid-19 vaccine. Cadillac is working on two types of candidate vaccines. Candidate vaccines are being developed in recombinant DNA technology, and reverse gene technology is in the process of developing antibodies suitable for it, similar to the viral strains of SARS-VOC-2 (but with lower potency).
India Biotech is conducting research on the vector vaccine. The inactive rabies virus has become a vector. Through which the organization is trying to produce useful antibodies by sending the genetic sequence of the viral strain SARS-COV-2.
The researchers say the vaccine is a long-term process. Identifying a viral protein first, then purifying it, is a long-term task. The vaccine is then used in the laboratory to make artificial body cells or to be tested on animals. There are many stages of the trial. After being confirmed over and over again, people are examined. Vaccine safety is also important. Although trials of the vaccine in rats or similar animals have been successful in the laboratory, its effects on the human body have not been shown to be effective. There is also a fear of side effects. And since the virus has changed the structure of the gene many times, it remains to be seen whether the vaccine’s immune system has also released the virus.
Scientists say it will be possible to test humans later this year. It will take another year for the vaccine to reach the commercial market. However, some organizations have claimed that they will be able to deliver the vaccine to different parts of the country in early 2021.
The researchers say that 60 to 70 percent of people can choose to get vaccinated at an early stage. Understanding the nature of the virus, the elderly, doctors, and health workers at high risk of death may be the first to be vaccinated. If the immunity of a class of people increases, the virus will not be able to find a new body. After a certain stage, your ability to spread the infection will decrease. Gradually, the viral strains will also begin to become inactive.
Source: The Wall.
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