This image shows the glow from kilonova due to the merger of two neutron stars. Kilonova, whose peak luminosity reaches 10,000 times that of a classical nova, appears as a bright spot (indicated by an arrow) to the left above the host galaxy. The merger of neutron stars is believed to have produced a magnet, which has an extremely powerful magnetic field. The energy radiation from that magnet made the material emitted from the explosion. Credit: NASA, ESA, W.C. Fong (Northwestern University), and t. Lashkar (University of Bath, UK)
The sun will provide more power in half-seconds, during its entire 10-billion-year lifespan, than a long time ago and the explosion of so many gamma rays in the universe.
After investigating ultraviolet explosions with optical, X-ray, near-infrared and radio wavelengths, an astrophysics team led by Northwestern University believes the magnet may have been born.
Researchers believe that magnets combine to form two neutron stars that have never been seen before. The merger resulted in a bright Kilonova – the brightest photo ever seen – whose light finally reached Earth on May 22, 2020. Light first came as a gamma-ray burst, called a short gamma-ray burst.
“When two neutron stars merge, the most commonly predicted result is that they form a massive neutron star that falls into a black hole in milliseconds or less,” said Wen-fi Fong of the Northwest, who conducted the study. Led. “Our study shows that it is possible that for this short gamma-ray explosion, the heavier object survived. Instead of crashing into a black hole, it became a magnet: a fast-moving neutron star, with large magnetic fields, dumping energy. The atmosphere around it and what we see creates a very bright glow.
Admitted by The Research Astrophysical Journal And will be published online later this year.
Fong is an assistant professor of physics and astronomy at Weinberg College College of Arts and Sciences in Northwestern and a member of the CIIRA (Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics). The research includes two undergraduates, three graduate students and three postdoctoral fellows from Fong’s laboratory.
‘A new phenomenon is happening’
After the first discovery of light by NASA’s Neil Garels Swift Observatory, scientists quickly entered NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope, a very large array, the WM Cake Observatory and the Las Cambres Observatory and other global telescopes. Host Galaxy.
Fong’s team quickly realized that nothing had been added.
Compared to X-ray and radio observations, the near-infrared emission found with Hubble was much brighter. In fact, it was 10 times brighter than predicted.
“As soon as the data came in, we were creating a picture that produced the light of the mechanism we were seeing,” said Tanmoy Laskar, co-investigator of the study at the University of Bath in the United Kingdom. “As we got the Hubble observations, we had to change the thinking process completely, because the information Hubble added made us realize that we had to abandon our traditional thinking and a new phenomenon was emerging. Then we had to figure out why. About what it means for the physics behind these highly explosive explosions. “
Magnetic monster
Fong and his team have discussed several possibilities to explain the unusual brightness, known as the short gamma-ray explosion – seen by Hubble. Researchers believe that in a large city like Chicago, the mass of the sun’s mass of extremely dense matter, due to the merging of two neutron stars, causes a small explosion. When most of the short gamma-rays erupt probably result in a black hole, in this case the two merged neutron stars can come together to form a magnetar, a supermassive neutron star with a very powerful magnetic field.
This illustration shows the sequence for forming a kilonova powered by a magnet, whose peak brightness reaches 10,000 times that of a classical nova. 1) Two orbiting neutron stars spiral closer and closer together. 2) They collide and merge, triggering an explosion that gives the sun more energy in half-seconds, during its entire 10-billion-year lifespan. )) The merger forms a much larger neutron star called a magnet, which has a stunningly powerful magnetic field. )) The magnet accumulates energy in the extracted material, causing it to become unexpectedly bright at infrared wavelengths. Credit: NASA, ESA, and DPlayer (STSCI)
Lascar explained, “You basically have these magnetic field lines that are anchored to a star that whips about 1000 times a second, and this produces a magnetic wind.” “This spinning field is the rotational energy of the neutron star formed in the line merger and that energy accumulates in the ejecta from the eruption, making the material brighter.”
“We know that magnets exist because we see them in our galaxy,” Fong said. “We think that most of them are formed in the explosive death of large stars, leaving behind these highly magnetic neutron stars. However, it is possible that the neutron star merger has a small fractional form. We have never seen evidence of this, let alone In infrared light, this makes the discovery special. “
Fantastic bright kilonova
The Kilonove, which is typically 1,000 times brighter than the classic Nova, is expected with shorter gamma-ray bursts. Distinctive from the merger of two compact objects, radioactive decay of heavy elements released during the merger produces greedy elements such as kilonova glow, gold, and uranium.
“We have only one confirmed and well-sampled Kilonova to date,” said Jillian Rastinejad, co-author of Fong’s lab paper and a graduate student. “So it’s especially exciting to discover new potential kilonova that look very different. This discovery gave us the opportunity to explore the diversity of kilonova and its residues.”
If the unexpected luminosity seen by Hubble came from a magnetar that accumulated energy in the kilonova material, then, in a few years, the material extracted from the explosion would produce light that appears on radio wavelengths. Subsequent radio observations may eventually prove that this was a magnet, leading to a clarification of the origin of such objects.
“Now that we have a very bright candidate Kilonova,” said Restinejad, “I’m excited for the short gamma-ray explosion and the new surprise that the neutron star merger has stored for us in the future.”
The nature of the Aflolo neutron star collisions will shed light on the origin
“Broadband equivalent of short GRB 2005221 at Z = 0.5536: Colimated outflow with a bright kilonova or reverse shock?” Archive: 2008.08593 [astro-ph.HE] arxiv.org/abs/2008.08593
Provided by Northwestern University
Testimonial: The result of the neutron star merger comes in a magnetar with the brightest kilonova seen so far (2020, November 12) from 12 November 2020 https://phys.org/news/2020-11-neutron-star-nimr-results-magnetar.html
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