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The Swedish-British company’s vaccine is under scrutiny after around 20 cases of bleeding disorders were found in people who received the drug. The cases are now being investigated by the European Medicines Agency (EMA), but so far it has not been possible to establish that the problems were caused by the vaccine.
A bleeding disorder is an unusual combination of blood clots (embolism and thrombosis) and low levels of platelets (thrombocytopenia).
The Medical Products Agency sees similarities in the symptom picture with the condition heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT), which can affect patients receiving the anticoagulant heparin. In HIT, a complex of heparin and platelets is formed, against which the body produces antibodies. When antibodies bind to the complex, platelets break down rapidly while the clotting system is heavily activated.
The affected HITs are at high risk of becoming seriously ill and dying.
– There is a risk of bleeding and blood clots at the same time. It’s a difficult condition to treat and associated with many complications, says Sofia Bosdotter Enroth, a researcher at the Agency for Medical Products.
The big problem with this combination of bleeding disorders is finding the right balance in clot dissolving treatment. You want to dissolve the plugs without causing bleeding.
– That’s what makes it so complicated. If you go in with regular clot dissolving treatment, it becomes too strong and then it starts and bleeds. If you have this condition, it’s a specialist-level delicacy, says Karl Mikael Kälkner, subject area developer in the drug safety unit at the Agency for Medical Products.
People who have taken The Astra Zeneca vaccine should be alerted to unexpected new symptoms for two weeks after injection. Common expected reactions, such as fever, headache, and muscle aches, usually go away after a few days. However, if you subsequently experience new symptoms, such as a new type of headache, nausea, double vision, weakness in the arms or legs, swelling in the legs, shortness of breath, and chest pain, you should contact your doctor. doctor.
– If you also have signs of bleeding from the mucous membranes, mouth, nose or small pinpoint rashes (new changes) on the skin, you should also contact your doctor, says Sofia Bosdotter Enroth.
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