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As early as 2001, Ali Mirazimi investigated, who is a professor of virology at the Karolinska Institutet, on the mRNA vaccine. Even then, good results were obtained, but the problem is that the RNA molecule is very unstable and easily breaks down. Therefore, it was not thought that it could be used in medicine.
– It was so unstable that you couldn’t even imagine that this can be used for any purpose other than playing a bit of research, says Ali Mirazimi.
But since 2001, researchers have managed to figure out how to prevent the molecule from breaking down in different ways. This is, for example, the reason why the Pfizer BioNTech vaccine, with which we are now vaccinated, must be stored at -70 degrees. At that temperature, it has been possible to ensure that the RNA molecule is stable.
For the modern vaccine produces, which we still don’t have access to in Sweden, -20 degrees is enough. They have packaged the molecule and modified the ends of the RNA strand in a different way.
– Exactly how different companies do it is a trade secret and is certainly patented. There is nothing you can know directly if you call them. That’s their innovation, says Ali Mirazimi.
Whatever temperature works the vaccine from Pfizer BioNTech and Moderna alike. The mRNA molecule carries the pattern necessary for the body to produce its own viral protein. So the immune system has to react to the foreign virus and create antibodies and T cells.
So that’s what you get With the first injection, the body begins to develop a defense and a week after the second dose, it is immune to COVID-19. However, it is not yet known how long immunity lasts.
