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In the UK, the debate over the risks of nodding the balls, which for several years has been carried on in a state similar to an ebb and a river in Sweden, has flared up again. A campaign supported by the families of popular and insane soccer legends Jackie Charlton and Nobby Stiles will bring together researchers, athletes and caregivers to organize independent investigations with no ties to sports federations or professional leagues.
In Sweden, the Swedish Football Association recommends that no child under the age of twelve nods his head when training. But what are the risks really like in modern football?
Henrik Zetterberg, who is a professor of neuroscience at the University of Gothenburg and researches Alzheimer’s disease, says that it is important to distinguish between children’s and elite sports.
– As an adult, nodding is completely harmless, this also applies to goalie shots, if you are prepared for them to come and receive the ball with tense neck muscles. Then nothing happens to the brain, he tells DN.
– It is about stabilizing the head so that the brain does not shake. If the skull is completely repaired and you receive a major blow to the head, the brain is not even damaged, but you may have a skull fracture.
When football icons and later Sir Bobby Charlton and Gerd Müller, affected by dementia, created the history of football, the sport was different, harder, bordering on a brutal one, where the ball was reminiscent of the current equivalent in form, and just that .
– The new balls are much lighter than the leather ones, so it is very difficult to get hit by nodding with a ball. The important thing is to be able to stabilize the head when you meet the ball with the head movement so that you don’t get the sudden rotational force on the skull because then the brain moves there and then the projections of the nerve cells are torn, says Henrik Zetterberg.
However, he clarifies that pitching situations are by no means harmless, but rather because head injuries can occur in combat or fall situations. When it comes to children, according to him, there are also reasons for caution.
– It has been said that children should be more careful because the head is relatively larger than the rest of the body and the neck muscles are thin. It’s clear to ten to twelve year olds that they don’t have enough muscle to stabilize their head. Then you get it after puberty, keep going.
When you have a blast it can cause the brain to move in the skull, it can cause the protrusions of nerve cells, which are like connections in the brain, to break off. This type of crime is an important part of what we call a concussion and can lead to symptoms such as photosensitivity or balance problems. Once that has happened, the nerve cell committees will recover poorly and instead take on other connections about the tasks that the brain should be able to perform.
– Alzheimer’s disease in a normal brain, many of us will have Alzheimer’s, is due to the fact that it has an effect on the nerve cell committees of a misfolded protein. Mainly for genetic and age reasons, this is starting to clump. Then eventually degenerative nerve cell disorders occur, but of a different type than those that occur in concussions.
According to the teacher it means Repeated damage to nerve cell projections does not mean that dementia occurs, but that the common dementia disease that would have caused symptoms much later in life may manifest earlier because the brain becomes more vulnerable.
– Most say that if you have a life with repeated concussions, you get rid of nerve cell extracts that are bad for regeneration. So you get a brain that is more vulnerable to age-related changes. So you can’t compensate when Alzheimer’s starts to occur, that’s why it reveals itself earlier. For the affected individual, it is at least as relevant as whether the concussions actually caused the disease.
However, the dangers of head violence, which are present in many sports, are not limited to the risk of premature dementia. In America, professional leagues in sports like ice hockey and football have long fought and denied its existence, but now they recognize the risks of so-called CTE (chronic traumatic brain injury). It can, among other things, mean difficulty concentrating and reduced ability to solve problems, but also an increased risk of depression and various forms of addiction.
– It has been well known among boxers, but now it has also begun to be seen among professional hockey and football players. There are many indications that high exposure at the elite level is the causative factor, he says.
Different sports It involves various forms of violence to the head, but the most important thing as a practitioner is, according to Henrik Zetterberg, not to play sports or exert yourself if one has symptoms of concussion.
– Most say that a concussion is not dangerous, but it recurs. If concussions happen before they have been properly healed, it appears the brain is worse at dealing with injuries, he says.
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