In his weak years, Albert Einstein Leaned on the windmill in an attempt to unite all the forces of nature. He died in despair, and his attempt would fall short of his biggest failure in history.
But Einstein’s failed dream could ultimately be his ultimate victory, as a small group of theoretical physicists re-enact his old ideas. It does not necessarily bring together all the forces of the universe, but it can explain some of the most pressing issues facing modern science.
Einstein is not enough
The most successful theory Gravity Einstein’s famous theory of general relativity is known to humanity. Einstein spent more than seven years developing it, and it was worth the wait. On the surface, general relativity is deceptively simple. All the drama of the universe takes place on a grand, four-dimensional stage Space time. Matter and Energy – the artists and actresses of the universe – run around doing their thing, saying their lines. Matter and energy distort space-time, causing it to evaporate and turn. It tells the matter of turning around and tells Raja how to move and behave.
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And voila: general relativity! The space-time stage and the constant dialogue between matter and energy is what we see as the force of gravity.
Einstein’s theory has passed every observation test thrown at him, which is why he has survived his birth for centuries. He has predicted and explained strange phenomena throughout the universe, including the formation of light curves and black holes around massive objects.
And yet, we know it is broken. When general relativity says that black holes must exist, it breaks completely when he tries to describe their monotonous heart. We have no description of gravity on such a subtomic scale, where quantum mechanics is affected. On this scale, when gravity meets both strong and short-distances, even general relativity cannot make predictions – the math just differs.
Those are the places where we know that general relativity is broken. But beyond that, astronomers have noted two phenomena that are not fully explained even by general relativity: most of the matter in the universe (so-called) Dark matter) Does not interact with light; And the expansion of the universe is accelerating every day (which is still thought to be due to the unknown dark by Raja). To explain dark matter and dark energy, we have two choices. Either general relativity is completely true, but our universe is full of strange new objects, or general relativity is wrong.
Twist
Einstein himself tried to push the limits of general relativity. But it wasn’t inspired by the unusualness of a black hole or the puzzles of an accelerating universe – no one knew it existed, let alone the major theoretical challenges.
Instead, Einstein was motivated by a purpose: to try to unify all (known) laws of physics in a single mathematical structure. In his case, he had gravity to one side, represented by the now-famous general relativity, and Electromagnetism On the other hand, represented by Maxwell’s equations from which everything is described Magnets And the electrical current itself is released.
In his efforts to create a super theory of everything, Einstein introduced General Relativity 2.0. The original version of relativity only focuses on the space-time curve. But Einstein’s reboot also focused on the twistness of space-time. Torsion does not need to be included in its basic theory, as it turns out that what you need to explain gravity was a curve. But now that Einstein was trying to explain more than gravity, he had to include additional effects.
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Einstein hoped that the twistness of space-time would somehow be connected with electromagnetism (the way space-time curvature is connected with gravity), but alas, he could not find a solution and his new theory died with it.
But other physicists have never given up on the dream, and have been trying to unify physics ever since. Called one of the most developed concepts String theory, Which claims that all particles are actually tiny vibrating strings. Oh, and there are additional spatial dimensions in our universe that are all small and curved.
String theory was never based on Einstein’s original idea of space-time curvature, but physicists are now giving the old idea, called teleparallel gravity, another look.
Works in parallel
The name “teleperengeal” comes from Einstein’s original work which examined the nature of distant parallel lines in their geometric structure, and explored how space-time curvature and twistness affected the motion of both matter and energy. Physicists nowadays do not believe that teleparallel gravity can unify physics (eventually Einstein also abandoned this idea), but it may be an interesting candidate for a new theory of gravity.
That’s because theories are using teleparallel gravity to explain things like the rapid expansion of the universe, the later period. Big B.When the universe balloons, what is called “inflation” and the recent problems such as the observation between different measures of the rate of expansion of the universe. In other words, teleparensel gravity has proved to be very predictable.
But what about those early dreams of a unified theory? Teleparallel gravity may be an interesting and useful new approach to gravity, but it does not come close to understanding the more basic laws of physics. Instead, physicists are using the language of string theory to make it work, so naturally the question: Bho Bhoyo: Does string theory – which claims to be the ultimate theory of everything – somehow connect with teleparallel gravity? In other words, if telepereral gravity could potentially solve all these nasty problems like dark matter and dark energy radiation, does it flow as a natural consequence of string theory, or are these two different lines that have no connection with each other?
Recently, theoretical theorists have begun to construct telepareral gravity with string theory, which provides inspiration to the theory within the Strange universe, as stated in a paper in the Preprint Journal. arXiv In November. In their work, they demonstrated how telepareral gravity can be the result of string theory. This is an important insight, as string theory must be able to explain all the laws of physics, and if telepareral gravity is the best version of general relativity, and ultimately it turns out to be correct, you should be able to derive telepareralism from mathematics. String theory.
Here is an analogy. Let’s say the police identify a murder weapon at the crime scene (general relativity). They have a major suspicion (string theory) that they want to be connected to a murder weapon. But a new analysis of the crime scene shows that a different weapon (teleparenism) actually caused the murder. Can the main suspect still be connected to the new murder weapon?
The short answer is: yes.
There is still a lot of work to be done. String theory is not over yet (and if we can never find solid mathematical solutions, it will never be over), so any connection it makes to reality is useful. If telepereral gravity turns out to be a useful way to explain some of the current shortcomings of general relativity, and we can derive telepereralism from string theory, then it is one more step towards achieving Einstein’s ultimate dream of unification – not the way he imagined it. But it still counts.
Published on Original Living Science.
