Astronomers at NASA’s Lunar X-ray Observatory have found evidence of a single particle jet coming from a supermassive black hole in the early universe.
The source of the X-ray jet is a quasar or fast evolving supermassive black hole, named PSO J352.4034-15.3373 or PJ352-15.
Quasar sits at the center of a young galaxy and is one of the two most powerful quasars discovered from radio waves in the first billion years since the Big Bang, according to a report released Tuesday.
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On a scale, the PJ 352-15 is about a billion times larger than the Sun.
If this particle jet is confirmed, it would be the farthest supermassive black hole – in a galaxy about 12.7 billion light-years from Earth – with jets found in X-rays.
For scientists, this jet could help understand how large black holes formed and grew early in the history of the universe.
Using a lunar telescope based in Massachusetts to find evidence of X-ray jets, scientists observed PJ 352-15 over a three-day period and located an X-ray emission located about 160,000 light-years from Quasar.
The PJ352-15 is a record-breaker, as it is about 300 million light-years away from the farthest X-ray jet previously reported.
In addition, the longest particle observed for the first billion years after the Big Bang was only 5,000 light-years in length, compared to Jet PJ 352-15.
When the universe was only 0.98 billion years old, the moon was observing the light and the intensity of the background radiation was much higher than that.
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The electrons of the jet moving away from the black hole collide with the photons which generate radiation and excite the photons in the X-ray series – X-rays increase the luminosity of the jet and allow the moon to lift it.
The study was led by Thomas Connor of NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in Pasadena, California.
In a series of tweets, Connor said Tuesday that he and his team had been looking at Kwasar for three full days, and in a blog post Monday, he highlighted how many of the most fundamental questions of astronomy relate to observations connected to the universe. .
“Over the past decade there has been a whole gold rush of discoveries for black holes seen in the first billion years of the universe, with each new discovery pushing the limits of what we thought was possible.” “Specifically, we’re looking for bigger black holes in the universe than ever before, and this is a challenge – how do you grow to such a size in such a short time?”
Although the jet has been suggested as a way to accelerate the growth of black holes, the only jet seen earlier is relatively small, indicating that it is globally young.
“Our results show that this jet can last for a million years, during which time it can act to accelerate the growth of black holes. And the opposite of ray-frequencies – the discovery of this jet in X-rays – could be this. There are many more extended jets out there, but we haven’t discovered them yet, “he explained. “In short, our new results show that X-ray observations may be the key to solving the initial challenge of black hole growth.”
He said the process of reaching this conclusion was very difficult.
“The black hole was flagged for observation about 10 years ago, before we even knew it. In September 2017, we measured its redshift, finding that it was in the first billion years of the universe. After this, we headed to March. Proposed observations with the moon in 2018; the community thought a lot about our science, and the observations were conducted in August, August and September of 2019, “Connor recalled.
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He said, “Working on these results during the epidemic was particularly challenging, with team members from six different countries. But that collaboration was very crucial, as we were able to make sure that our results were strong and that our findings Overall effects. “
A paper describing Connor’s results has been accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal.
