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According to the center, the person died on July 24. This year is the first death from this disease in Kaunas County, before the death was confirmed to a Panevėžys County resident.
“The tick-borne encephalitis virus was devastating to a 71-year-old man, a resident of the Prienai district. The person may have been infected at the residence and the tick infestation has not been noted. The population has not been vaccinated against tick-borne encephalitis, “the report read.
According to NVSC data, this year in Kaunas County, tick-borne encephalitis was diagnosed in 59 people, 28 of whom became ill in July.
Tick-borne encephalitis was detected in 4 children under the age of 18 and 54 adults. The youngest patient is five years old, the oldest is 84 years old.
“94 percent. Patients were treated in hospital. (…) In all cases, patients with tick-borne encephalitis had not been vaccinated. 37 percent. Patients were infected with tick-borne encephalitis in their place of residence, “says NVSC.
According to the Center for Communicable Diseases and AIDS (ULAC), tick-borne encephalitis is more common in men than in women for three years in a row. Last year, 404 of the 711 infected were male.
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What is tick-borne encephalitis?
Tick-borne encephalitis (EE) is a severe natural focal viral disease caused by tick-borne encephalitis virus (VEE), which affects the brain, lining, or peripheral nerves. EE is one of the most important viral infections of the human central nervous system, characterized by residual phenomena that sometimes lead to disability. EE occurs in many parts of the world. EE was first described in 1927. In Austria, and the causative agent of this disease, EEV, was isolated in 1937 in the former Soviet Union.
Pathogen
EE is caused by the EEV virus (RNA virus) that belongs to Flaviviridae for the family, Flavivirus giminei The virus is spherical in shape, approximately 50 nm in diameter, composed of three different structural proteins: capsid (C), membrane (M), and envelope (E).
The causes of tick-borne encephalitis are constantly circulating in nature: Viruses persist in vertebrate (mainly rodent) and arachnid (tick) organisms. In ticks, the virus is found in saliva and in saliva.
The high prevalence of tick-borne encephalitis viruses is found in the Baltic States, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Finland, the east coast of Sweden, and southern Germany.
How is it infected?
After sucking on the tick. Carriers of VEE, as well as the virus reservoir, are ticks. In Europe and Lithuania, the EEV virus is most commonly contracted by bites from the castor bean mite Ixodes. Mites of this species are found in all regions of Lithuania. The virus can be transmitted to humans by a nymph or an adult mite.
People at risk are more at risk of developing EE: forest and field workers, farmers, travelers, tourists, athletes (runners, counselors, etc.), mushrooms, berries.
Through milk. EE can be transmitted through the consumption of raw milk or its products. When the milk is boiled, the EEV dies in 2 minutes, at 70 ºC, in 5 minutes.
EE symptoms
The EE incubation period lasts from 2 to 28 days, on average from 7 to 14 days. About 80 percent. In cases, the course of the disease is twofold.
The symptoms of the first phase of the disease, which lasts from 1 to 8 days, are caused by the first wave of viremia. Its symptoms are nonspecific: fever, bones, muscles, headache, fatigue, general weakness, less frequently dyspeptic or upper respiratory catarrh. The typical laboratory signs of the first EE wave are leukopenia and thrombocytopenia. They are caused by the spread of EEV to the bone marrow during the first wave and the resulting short-term inhibition of the bone marrow, resulting in a decrease in the number of shorter life form elements in the peripheral blood. . There may be a slight increase in the activity of liver enzymes in the blood.
The first stage of EE is followed by a period of ‘purported recovery’, lasting from 1 to 33 days, usually 5 to 8 days. If the time between the first and second phase of the disease is very short (less than 24 hours) and the person simply does not experience clinical improvement, and in the case of a very diffuse and weak phase I clinic, the course of EE it supposedly becomes ‘monotonous’.
The second phase of the disease, which develops from 20 to 30 percent. CNS damage symptoms and inflammatory changes in cerebrospinal fluid in infected individuals.
The EE clinic is classified into meningitis, meningoencephalitis, meningoencephalomyelitis / radiculionitis disease. Meningitis is considered a mild form of EE, meningoencephalitis and meningoencephalomyelitis / radiculonitis are considered moderate and / or severe EE.
Meningitic EE is diagnosed when only signs of meningeal damage are detected. Signs of damage to the meninges include headache, nausea and / or vomiting, stiff neck muscles, and a positive symptom of Kernigo and / or Brudzinsk. Approximately one third of EE meningitis patients (approximately 15% of patients) have EE with fever, signs of poisoning and mild headache, in addition to objective neurological symptoms.
The meningoencephalitic form of EE is diagnosed when signs of damage to the brain parenchyma (encephalitis) are detected in addition to symptoms of the lining. Signs of deterioration of the brain parenchyma include loss of consciousness, orientation, thought, dysphasia, tremor, ataxia, imbalance, seizures, damage to the cranial nerves, hemiparesis / syndrome due to damage of the motor and / or sensory cortex.
Meningoencephalomyelitis / radiculionitis EE is diagnosed when symptoms of damage to the spinal cord and / or spinal roots and nerves are found along with signs of damage to the lining and parenchyma.
Consequences of the disease.
Mortality from EE is 0.5-4%. About a third of people with EE do not fully recover. The most common residual events are inability to concentrate, sleep disturbances, persistent headaches, hypersensitivity, behavioral changes. Uncommon: paresis.
Treatment
A person receives treatment only symptomatically, with drugs that reduce the symptoms of the disease. There is no specific treatment for the pathogen. People who develop EE acquire immunity to the disease.
Prevention
Vaccination
• Vaccines are the most effective preventive measure for the US one thousand nine hundred and eighty-two In Austria, where the incidence of EE was 8.75 / 100 thousand. population, universal human vaccination against the US has been launched Currently, when 80 – 90 percent. The country’s population is vaccinated against the disease, the incidence of EE has decreased more than 12 times. EE vaccines can be given to children older than 1 year. There are two vaccination programs: routine and accelerated. The first two doses of the usual vaccination schedule are administered over 1 to 3 months. interval; Vaccination intervals for the third and booster doses may vary by vaccine manufacturer and are indicated in the vaccine package insert. After complete vaccination (3 doses), approximately 97% of those vaccinated develop protective antibody titers. Vaccination should start in early spring before tick activity begins. The EE accelerated vaccination scheme is applied just before or after the tick season. This schedule may vary for vaccines from different manufacturers and is provided in the vaccine package insert.
Measures to reduce the abundance of ticks.
• Proper maintenance of parks, recreation areas, forests frequented by people: the grass is cut from early spring, preventing it from growing more than 10 cm, low-value bushes are cut, forest debris is removed or burned, plows , mowed grass is cut, trails and trails are walked, towards bodies of water, sports fields, chimneys.
• Regulation of the rodent population (deratization).
Personal protection equipment
• While in nature, it is recommended that you inspect yourself and your travel companions frequently. Detected through clothing to destroy crawling ticks.
• When entering the forest, you should wear light clothing: outer clothing should have long sleeves with cuffs that fit snugly around your wrist; the bottom of the pants pants should also be snug against the body. It is advisable to tie the head with a scarf or to wear a hat or hood that fits steaming.
• Repellents (arthropod repellents). Repellents prepare open areas of the human body (face, neck, hands). Repellents can also be used to prepare clothing used in nature. The effectiveness of the protection depends on the composition of the repellent and the sensitivity of the arthropod to the materials used. The effect of all repellents is short-lived.
• Use only cow’s milk, goat’s milk or pasteurized or boiled products.
The effect of using acaricidal materials in natural EE fireplaces is short-lived.
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