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“In case of COVID-19 infection, slide 2 of BMJ is worth noting. It clearly shows that the majority of C0VID-19 patients have mild to moderate disease. In this group, the most common duration of illness is 5 days (2 to 10 days).
A severe course of the disease develops in a smaller group of patients. In this group, the break point is 7 days, when you get tired of increasing shortness of breath, the pulse oximeter shows a decrease in blood oxygen saturation – the SpO2 index drops less than 92 percent. Go to the hospital where you will be given extra oxygen or other measures.
It should be noted that the infection usually occurs for at least 15 minutes. when communicating with another person without a mask at a distance of less than 2 meters. Recent data from the US shows that the risk of infection remains high when you communicate with a sick person multiple times with a single contact time of several minutes, but a total communication time of more than 15 minutes. A person with COVID-19 infects others 1 or 2 days before the onset of symptoms and can infect others for up to 9 days (!!!).
Although PCR samples detect SARS-CoV-2 virus RNA for an average of 17 days and even longer (max 83 days), virus cultures are no longer cultured after 9 days of illness. Therefore, 10 days of isolation in case of illness so as not to infect others is enough ”, says the professor on Facebook, adding a source of information.
How to reduce the number of seriously ill people?
According to the professor, older age, male sex, and higher body mass index are known to correlate with a more severe course of the disease, but several chronic diseases are also associated with increased risk.
According to V. Kasiulevičius, it is necessary for people suffering from these diseases to clearly communicate how they should behave to protect themselves.
The professor lists which groups of people should protect themselves from contact with Covid-19.
Highest risk group
The highest risk group are patients after solid organ transplantation (recipients) who are receiving treatment that causes long-term suppression of the immune system. According to V.Kasiulevičius, it is better for these people to stay at home.
According to the professor, patients with the following diseases are also at high risk:
Cancer:
- Chemotherapy is currently available;
- Radiation therapy for lung cancer;
- Blood / bone marrow cancer at any stage of treatment;
- Immunotherapy or antibody treatment;
- Cancer treatments are used that affect the immune system;
- Bone marrow or stem cell transplantation in the past 6 months or immunosuppressive treatment;
- Immunosuppressive conditions that significantly increase the risk of infection;
Severe respiratory disease:
- Severe asthma (≥3 steroid cycles in 12 months);
- Severe COPD (≥3 steroid cycles in 12 months);
- Cystic fibrosis, interstitial lung disease, sarcoidosis, bronchiectasis, or pulmonary hypertension;
Rare diseases or congenital metabolic diseases:
- Severe combined immunodeficiency;
- Homozygous sickle cell disease (sickle cell anemia);
- Pregnancy and severe congenital or acquired heart disease.
Medium risk group
According to V. Kasiulevičius, people with these diseases should avoid contracting Covid-19 because they belong to the medium risk group:
Mild chronic respiratory disease:
- Asthma;
- COPD (emphysema and chronic bronchitis);
- Alveolar allergies;
Chronic kidney disease:
- Step 3 or 4;
- End-stage kidney disease requiring dialysis;
- End-stage renal disease when transplant is scheduled;
Heart disease:
- Congestive heart failure;
- Heart valve diseases;
Chronic liver disease:
- Chronic infectious hepatitis (hepatitis B or C);
- Alcohol-related liver disease;
- Primary biliary cirrhosis;
- Primary sclerosing cholangitis;
- Hemochromatozė;
Chronic neurological conditions:
- Epilepsy;
- Parkinson’s disease;
- Motor neuron disease;
- Cerebral palsy;
- Dementia (Alzheimer’s disease, vascular or frontotemporal);
- Down’s Syndrome;
Diabetes:
Conditions or treatments that may increase the risk of infection (for example, steroid treatment):
- Rheumatoid arthritis
- Systemic lupus erythematosus
- Ankylosing spondylitis or other inflammatory arthropathy (eg, psoriatic arthritis)
- Connective tissue disease (eg, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, scleroderma, Sjögren syndrome)
- Polymyositis or dermatomyositis
- Vasculitis (eg, giant cell arteritis, polyarticular nodule, Bechett syndrome)
Other health conditions associated with an increased risk but not assigned to a specific group. However, it is also recommended to avoid contact with COVID-19 in these conditions. The list of such diseases includes:
Cardiovascular diseases:
- Atrial fibrillation
- Diseases: myocardial infarction, stroke, angina pectoris, transient ischemic attack
- Peripheral vascular disease
- High blood pressure has been identified and treated
- Hyperthyroid
- Chronic pancreatitis
- Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Malabsorption:
- Celiac Disease
- Steatorėja
- Peptic ulcer (stomach or duodenum)
- Osteoporosis and fractures of the hip, spine, shoulder or wrist.
Serious mental illness:
- Bipolar affective disorder
- Psychosis
- Schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder
- Gusty depression
- LIVE infection
- Hypersplenism
- Sphingolipidosis (pvz., Thai-Sachso League)
- Thromboembolism in the past
- Tuberculosis
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