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The American Oncology Society, for the first time in 8 years, has updated its guidelines for physical and dietary activity for cancer prevention. Oncologists are reported to have taken the latest medical advances and evidence from meta-analyzes of research in this area into account in developing recommendations.
The Society’s updated recommendations are in line with the official position of the International Agency for Research in Oncology (IARC), the World Cancer Research Foundation and the American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF / AICR), as well as the Department United States Department of Agriculture, Health and Welfare (USDA / HHS).
“In the last 8 years, we have seen scientific progress in this area,” said Steven Clinton, an oncologist at the Ohio State University Cancer Center. – We now know that at least 18 types of cancer are associated with obesity. We’ve also seen synergies between cancer, heart disease, diabetes and other obesity-related health problems in the past 8 years. “
Nutrition
Let’s examine these recommendations. Who exchanged what was left in their places?
Physical activity
Earlier
Adults should spend at least 150 minutes per week in moderate physical activity or 75 minutes in very intense.
Now
For adults, it is recommended to spend 150-300 minutes per week for moderate activity, or 75-150 minutes for very intense training. It is optimal to reach the upper limit (300 or 150 minutes, respectively) or even exceed it.
Power mode
Earlier
- It is recommended to choose both food and drinks to achieve and maintain a healthy weight.
- Restrict consumption of red meat and (processed) meat products.
- Eat at least 350-400 grams of vegetables and fruits a day.
- Choose whole grain products (avoid clean cereals).
Now
A healthy eating pattern is worth following at any age. Contains:
- Nutrient-dense foods must be consumed enough to achieve and maintain a healthy weight.
- Various vegetables (different colors), legumes rich in fiber, etc.
- Different colored fruits (other than juice).
- Integral products.
This model does not contain (or limited quantities):
- Red meats and meat products.
- Sweet soft drinks
- Refined cereal products.
Alcohol
Earlier
Limit alcohol consumption to a maximum of 1-2 servings per day (women and men, respectively).
Now
It is better not to drink alcohol at all. However, if you are taking it, keep it to the limit: no more than 1-2 servings per day (for women and men respectively).
Analysis
Head of the American Society of Oncology. According to Vice President Laura Makaroff, the new recommendations continue to reflect the research-proven theory that dietary patterns and physical activity, rather than any specific product, reduce cancer risk and have a generally positive effect on human health.
There is no product or group of products that can significantly reduce such risks. Recent scientific evidence supports the transition from one nutrient (focusing only on specific nutrients – nutrients) to a more comprehensive diet model. People eat food instead of individual nutrients, and the available data points to healthy diet patterns that are associated with a lower risk of cancer, especially breast and bowel cancer.
“When it comes to prevention, we don’t know what type of cancer can develop. It is very important to put all the parts together: combining exercise with a healthy diet and a good energy balance,” says Dr. Steven Clinton.
On the specific recommendations of the American Society of Oncology, dr. Clinton has her own opinion. According to him, there is no need to completely abandon red meat (of course, if it is not an ethical option). Red meat can be eaten within the framework of a healthy eating pattern: 80-100 grams of meat can be integrated into a healthy diet. Regular meat consumption should be avoided on the principle: bacon for breakfast, hamburger for diner, for lunch and dinner.
The recommendation to completely abandon alcohol is especially important for smokers because it increases the risk of cancer of the throat, tongue and gastrointestinal tract. Give dr. Clinton notes that many studies link alcohol to breast cancer risk, leading to a lower alcohol intake for women: 1 serving per day. A serving is approximately 330 ml. beer, 150 ml. wine, 50 ml of strong alcohol.
Dr. L. Makaroff admits that the recommendations for physical activity have changed significantly, increased. She emphasizes that children and teens also need moderate to intense activity, at least one hour a day.
And how about the coffee?
The new recommendations from the American Society for Oncology contain, among other things, hopeful news for coffee lovers. There appears to be evidence that coffee reduces the risk of some cancers (eg, laryngeal cancer, basal cell carcinoma, malignant melanoma), although the mechanism is still unclear. According to new data from the American Society for Oncology, drinking coffee may reduce the risk of gastrointestinal cancer.
Hundreds of biologically active compounds, such as caffeine, flavonoids, etc., have been found in roasted coffee beans. Some of them are said to increase energy intake, regulate genes involved in DNA repair, have anti-inflammatory properties, and inhibit metastasis. Coffee affects the duration of food in the intestine and the metabolism of carcinogens in the liver; These factors can reduce the risk of some gastrointestinal cancers.
The mention of coffee (caffeine) in the recommendations refers to acrylamide, a compound formed during the processing of carbohydrate-rich foods (roasted, roasted, etc.) at temperatures above 120 ° C. According to the classification of the International Agency Research Group in Oncology, belongs to the category of “probable carcinogens”, and only in June 2019 was coffee officially removed from the list of products that should be labeled as containing carcinogens. According to a study by the Clean Label Project organization, traces of acrylamide are difficult to find in roasted coffee beans.
In updated guidelines, the American Society for Oncology concludes that numerous human epidemiological studies have not shown that acrylamide in products is associated with a risk of vehicle disease.
As before, the temperature of the drink consumed. The updated guidelines include data from a publication of the International Agency for Research in Oncology (2016) that overheating (65 ° C and above) increases the risk of gastrointestinal cancer. It should be noted that the relationship between drinking temperature and cancer has not yet been fully investigated, but a recent meta-analysis confirms its existence. Therefore, the American Oncological Society recommends drinking tea or coffee at a moderate temperature.
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