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According to Master L. Urbonaitė, the part of the test on this year’s exam required a lot of exact factual knowledge of history.
“However, the parts of the sources were favorable for those students who were able to analyze the sources well, since many of the answers could be identified from the sources by citing these. Along with the 30th anniversary of the Restoration of the Independence of Lithuania, this year there were also tasks related to the events of that time and the personalities of Brazauskas and Landsbergis, so the students could really expect that theme.
I would consider the exam easier than last year, “said the teacher.
ANSWERS
TEST
1. C (for people)
2. C (sedimentation)
3. D (forms the Central Electoral Commission and changes its composition)
4. C (3)
5. B (Spain)
6. B (3, 2, 1, 4)
7. A (Livonian war ended)
8. C (to Louis XVI)
9. C (Charles de Montesquieu)
10. D (class privileges abolished)
11. B (Leonardas da Vinci)
12. D (stopped wars with foreign states)
13. B (prevent the emergence of a revolutionary movement)
14. C (based on Prussian military power)
15. D (Urbanization)
16. D (Woodrow Wilson)
17. B (Christian Democrats)
18. D (reduce repairs)
19. C (SSRS)
20. B (convicted Nazis from the Klaipėda region)
21. B (2)
22. B (Yalta Conference)
23. B (Caribbean crisis)
24. C (Declaration of the Council of the Council of February 16, 1949)
25. D (Robbery)
26. Indicate the two economic activities that the monks may have carried out (source A)
1. Close to meadows and land (agriculture)
2. Can have animals (animal husbandry)
3_Janas Rustemas_korta_Vienuolis ir moteris_1815
27. On the basis of knowledge, indicate two other activities that, in addition to agriculture, were carried out by monasteries in the Middle Ages.
Possible options:
1. Rewriting books
2. Establishment of schools.
3. Nursing of the sick and poor.
28. What two values of the monks’ lives are emphasized in Source A?
Possible options:
1. Strict observance of the monks’ ordinance.
2. Piety
3. Moderation and nutritious, decorative modesty
29. What two reasons led the bishop to address the public (source B)?
1. Student discussions contrary to the Scriptures.
2. To stop the spread of ideas in society that do not correspond to Catholic theology.
30. Use two statements to explain why the student theses in Source B contradict Catholic teaching.
1. The superiority of philosophers over clergy / theologians is recognized.
2. Rejection of an authority (of the church)
31. Identify two characteristics of teaching in medieval universities.
Possible options:
1. There were 4 faculties in the universities: theology, law, philosophy and medicine.
2. At university, students first had to graduate from the Faculty of Philosophy and then be able to study in others.
3. Applied school learning methods.
4. Disputes occur: discussion-based training.
5. Latin is used
32. Name the architectural styles to which the churches represented in sources C and D belong. Compare these architectural styles, noting two essential differences between them.
Source C Gothic (gothic) Source D Romanesque
1. XI – XII a. The Romanesque style is characterized by buildings with thick brick walls, which have a defensive function, and the XII-XVI c. the predominant Gothic: light and elegant shape.
2. The Romanesque style is characterized by semicircular arches, small windows, Gothic buildings: pointed arches, large windows.
3. Vertical projections of gothic buildings, highs, lower, massive Romanesque buildings.
4. Romanesque architecture is characterized by decoration with mosaics, Gothic stained glass.
Luke April / 15min / Vilnius Gothic photo
33. Describe the importance of monasteries, universities, and ecclesiastical architecture for medieval society.
Monasteries In the Middle Ages it became the focus of religious, economic and cultural life. They rewrite and preserve books, care for the sick, shelter pilgrims, and help the poor. The chronicles are also written in monasteries, the most educated monks became teachers and professors.
Universities: The life of the cultural, scientific and educational community took place in the universities. The number of educated and trained people in medieval society increased.
Ecclesiastical architecture: Romanesque ecclesiastical architecture had an important defensive function for society, and the art of the church became the “Bible for the illiterate”: through sculptures, stained glass and other artistic elements, it allowed the peasants to know the Scriptures.
34. Identify the two political and two economic problems of the Republic of the Two Nations mentioned by the author of Source A.
Political:
1. The public mistrusted the ruling PTR Poniatowski as a Russian building lacking in devotion to his homeland.
2. Inaction of the Seimas
3. Intervention of the army of a foreign state (Russia) in the country.
Economic:
1. The collapse of the financial system.
2. Extravagant way and expense of Poniatowski
35. What two ways of organizing military activities and two ways of strengthening the fighting spirit are indicated by the author of Source B?
Ways to organize military activities.
1. Select a general for each county
2. Arm everyone and wait for the rebel leader’s order to leave
Ways to strengthen the fighting spirit.
1. The clergy will inspire the rebels with their sermons.
2. Empower citizens to administer justice against traitors
Sputnik / Scanpix photo / Composition Catherine II
36. Source C contains statements that do not correspond to historical reality. Identify two of these discrepancies.
1. Catalina II’s search for “order, peace and security”
2. People receive grace and forgiveness.
37. Name the states that, after the divisions, received the territories of the Republic of the Two Nations marked on the map with the numbers 1, 2 and 3. Which of these states received the capital of the Republic of the Two Nations at that moment?
Number 1 – For Austria
Number 2 – To Prussia
Number 3 – Russia
The capital went to: To Prussia
38. Name three reforms of the Republic of the Two Nations that supposedly would strengthen the state
one) Liberum Veto revoke
2. The principle of separation of powers, enshrined in the Constitution of May 3.
3. Modernized and increased ATR Army
39. What are the main reasons for the collapse of the Commonwealth? Give an internal and an external reason.
Internal reason the weak power of the king the arbitrariness of the nobility, the expense, the abuse of the liberum veto.
External reason The influence of foreign countries (Russia, Austria, Prussia) in the internal affairs of the ATR.
40. Make three statements from Source A that explain why it was important to keep Vietnam free.
1. The freedom of Vietnam is necessary to stop the spread of communism in the Southeast Asia region (Vietnam is the “cornerstone” of Southeast Asia to resist the threat of communism).
2. The importance of the Vietnamese economy for the region
3. Vietnam’s political freedom inspires peoples fighting against communism worldwide.
4. If communism does not stop in Vietnam, there is a danger that the communist movement will spread to other countries in the region (Burma, Thailand, India, Laos, etc.)
41. Make three statements from Source B that explain North Vietnam’s position in the war with the United States.
1. Vietnamese unity encourages North-South cooperation
2. US aggression in the country goes against Vietnamese rights
3. Declares that the Vietnamese are determined to “win the final victory” in the war with the United States, but do not rule out friendly relations with the Americans.
Scanpix / AP photo / Nguyen Van Lem leads to Nguyen Ngoc Loan
42. Compare the fundamental differences between the American and North Vietnamese approaches to Vietnam’s political and economic future.
Political: The United States sought democratic government, and North Vietnam sought communism.
Economic: The United States sought to maintain a capitalist regime, North Vietnam to introduce a planned economy across the country
43. Explain the meaning of the myths depicted in the cartoon (domino theory, monolithic communism, and honorable peace) about the Vietnam War. Specify the main idea of the cartoon.
Domino theory without stopping the spread of communism in Vietnam, and more states in Southeast Asia would become communist
Monolithic Communism – the communists sought to introduce into the world a unified communist policy that would unite communists from all over the world
Honorable peace Honorable peace is the United States’ pursuit of peace with Vietnam, with the transfer of the defense responsibilities of the Allies (South Vietnam) to them.
The main idea: American search for political theories to justify its military action in Vietnam.
44. Identify two main reasons for the failure of the United States in Vietnam, cited by the author of Source D.
1. The principles of a successful policy in Europe have been applied in principle to “different political, social and economic conditions for the region”
2. Excessive idealism and insufficient attention to national interests.
45. Please indicate the consequences of the Vietnam War for the United States and for Vietnam. Evaluate the impact of this war on the international situation at the time with two statements.
Consequences for the United States: He lost the war and withdrew from Vietnam, an anti-war movement was born in the country, public frustration with the government grew, and young people avoided military service.
Implications for Vietnam: North Vietnam won the civil war against South Vietnam, the country was united and the communist government was established there.
Impact on the international situation: The war spread to Laos and Cambodia, and communism spread to the region. Seeing the failure of the United States in Vietnam, the USSR increased spending on armaments.
46. Provide two statements from Source A that demonstrate that the resolution defined the concept of Lithuanian sovereignty ambiguously.
1. Sovereignty includes the right to independently choose the social and political system, the way of operating in international relations.
2. The relations of the Lithuanian SSR with other republics of the USSR must be based on the Leninist principles of federalism
47. What two positive and two problematic characteristics of A. Brazauskas’ political activity are pointed out by the author of Source B?
Positive: He supported the program announced at the Sąjūdis I Congress.
Positive: The maneuvers softened and delayed the attack by the reaction forces of the USSR in Lithuania.
Problematic: Maneuvering further disagreements with Sąjūdis
Problematic: Brazauskas’ rule is characterized by indecision and doubt.
Photo by Scanpix / A.Brazauskas
48. What are the two positive and two problematic characteristics of V. Landsbergis’ political activity, points out the author of source C?
Positive: Landsbergis demonstrated true patriotism
Positive: High-quality political internationalism continued: representation of Lithuania in international relations
Problematic: Paternalism, the desire to be the father of a nation, did not earn him the sympathy of the nation.
Problematic: Political intrigue and treason diminished authority
49. Based on sources and knowledge, indicate how A. Brazauskas and V. Landsbergis’ approach to restoration of the Lithuanian state differed. Explain why these different approaches have been vaguely valued in society.
A. Brazauskas – He saw independence as a gradual process, taking the position of “fighting for the sovereignty of Lithuania within the USSR”. Not wanting to rush, he offered to negotiate carefully and beautifully with the Kremlin authorities and tried to avoid confrontation with Moscow.
V. Landsbergis – Try to restore independence as soon as possible, following the tactic of haste.
Explanation: Brazauskas’ position can be considered condescending towards the Kremlin, insufficiently independent and strong. At the time, Landsberg’s position was considered too bold and hasty, underestimating the potential dangers to the country.
50. Identify two ideas reflected in the cartoon.
1. The aspiration of the Baltic States to free themselves from the influence of the USSR
2. The small Baltic states are superior in power over the great Gorbachev and are pressing the balance of power in their favor.
51. Please indicate the two internal and external circumstances that led to the restoration of the Lithuanian state.
1. Internal: Sąjūdis’s activities
2. Internal: Separation of the Lithuanian Communist Party from the Central PC
3. External: Economic stagnation of the USSR
4) External: “Velvet revolutions” of the socialist countries of Eastern Europe
5. External: Improving relations between the United States and the USSR
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