For the first time, scientists have mysteriously delayed signs of two supermassive black holes that had breakfast on nearby stars.
In the first case, a million holes in the Milky Way galaxy, about 5050 million light-years away, are collapsing a star that passed close to its edge. The light of the event was seen in April 2019, but six months later a telescope in Antarctica Captured an extremely high energy radiation and haunted particles – a Neutrino – He was apparently buried during the festival.
The second event involves a supermassive black hole, which contains about 1 million times the mass of the Sun in a galaxy about 100,000 light-years away. Observatories spied on Tara for lunch in August 2015 and then calmed down before a sudden explosion Radio waves Emerged in February 2016 and then, almost four years later, in July 2019.
Related: Findings of the 2020 giant black hole
Both events are known as Tidal Disruption Events (TDE), in which a supermassive black hole shatters a star using its enormous gravitational pull – the extreme version of how the Moon’s gravitational pull increases the tide Earth. Such cosmic phenomena are not yet well understood and these two new findings should greatly help astronomers unlock their inner workings.
“Whenever we find a new TDE, there is always something exciting and unpredictable associated with it,” said Jane Dye, who studied high-energy astrophysics at the University of Hong Kong. “There’s so much new physics that can be done,” Dai added, who wasn’t involved in the discovery either.
Researchers classify tidal disturbance events as “transient” events, as they usually flare up within a few days and then fade again. Asaf Horash, an astronomer at Israel’s Hebrew University of Jerusalem and co-author of two papers on new events, told Live Science that it is not yet clear exactly what light is generated in such cases.
As the supermassive black hole tears up the food of its stars, the star “spaghetifies” in a long thin stream. The flow of this substance wraps around the black hole and it appears to produce energy radiation as it forms circles like water going down the drain, although other models predict that some former stars will explode outwards and come into contact with the surrounding gas and dust. May, Flame, Horace said.
Given the extreme atmosphere surrounding black holes, particles can be greatly accelerated in the process, like atomic smashers such as the large Hadron Collider in Geneva, Switzerland. Neutrinos are small spectacles about 500,000 times lighter than electrons and, being neutral (without any charge), do not deal as much with flying from the universe.
This allowed a neutrino to first travel outward from TDE to Earth, eventually appearing in a square kilometer-sized device known as the IceCube Neutrino Observatory buried in the Antarctic ice. Researchers labeled IC 191001 the probe and calculated that it contained about 1 quadrillion electronvolts of energy, the most powerful neutrino ice cube ever seen, according to a new paper.s, Which was published in the journal on 22 February Nature astronomy.
While physicists have predicted that neutrinos are produced in tidal disturbance events, astronomers have never recreated neutrinos with any particular TDD, making this the first sight. “I have no clue,” Horace said of why he arrived six months after the incident.
He did the same secret around the second study he led Nature astronomy . In that case, the icicle light – the kind that our eyes see – flashed through a black hole at a snack and then became as normal as this phenomenon.
Horace and his co-authors decided to conduct a follow-up study in New Mexico using the Carl Jensky Very Large Array (VLA) telescope, which detects radio waves. They saw nothing coming out of the black hole for months and then, suddenly, six months after the initial event, a bright radio flame. Even a stranger, V.L.A. Data collected almost four years later, shows another strange explosion of radio energy radiation.
“One can make a story about why someone saw something six months later,” Horace said. “There’s nothing to explain why it erupts, decays and then erupts again. It’s really interesting.”
It draws attention to the need for new models that can explain these delayed signals. His team speculates that part of the energy razor jet is coming out at a strange angle, producing an inflammatory pattern that is sometimes seen and sometimes not as the spin of an action disc. Another possibility is that the remnants of the stars are running shock waves that move slowly through the material around the black hole, producing excited emissions at a later time, although no one really knows.
But even if these events now run longer than the original suspicion, Horace will be able to detect further tidal breakdown events that can give an understanding of its nature.
Dye, too, is excited by the prospect of opening up a way to study the secrets of TDE. “These events are ideal laboratories for learning about black holes,” he said, adding that researchers have given important clues about how materials are produced around them and generate jets and flares.
Vera c in Chile. The Rubin Observatory, which is expected to start collecting data this year, could theoretically see hundreds of new TDEs, she added; And the next space-based devices coming from Europe and China should add this reward.
“The future for the sector is very bright,” he said.
Published on Original Living Science.
