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It goes without saying that lava planets are among the most inhospitable planets discovered outside the confines of our solar system. These bright spheres orbit so close to their host star that some of their regions are likely to be oceans of lava (lava is a molten rock, more or less liquid, that is emitted by a volcano during an eruption. Lava comes from ‘ a magma, a reservoir of molten rock that is in fusion…) In physics and metallurgy, fusion is the transition of a body from solid to liquid. For a pure body, this is the case for a substance consisting of…). According to scientists from McGill University (McGill University in Montreal, Quebec, is one of the oldest universities in Canada) the university (A university is a university whose objective is the production of knowledge (research), its preservation and transmission ( Study). For …) York and the Institute (An institute is a permanent organization created for a specific purpose. Usually it is an institution of For example, the Indian Perimeter Institute for Theoretical …) for instruction (instruction (from Latin “insignis”, remarkable, marked with a mark, excellent)) an educational practice aimed at developing knowledge …) about science, atmosphere (the word atmosphere can be multiple They have meanings 🙂 and the meteorological cycle of at least one of these exoplanets is very strange: evaporation a gradual passage from the liquid state to the gaseous state. It is different from cooking, which is a rapid transition. It is a change …) and precipitation ( in meteorology the term precipitation refers to ice crystals or water droplets which, after being exposed to rocks …), supersonic winds that inflate at more than 5,000 km / h and an ocean (Oceans stylized Ωceans is a French documentary Directed by Jacques Perrin and Jacques Cluzaud, filming began in 2004 and was produced in 2009) Magma with a depth of 100 km.
Artist impression (generally referred to as an artist when a person engages in one of the following activities or activities 🙂 of the planet (A planet is a celestial body that orbits the sun or another star in the universe and has enough mass to allow its gravity the…) of K2-141b Lava.
In a study published in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, scientists used computer simulations (a computer is a machine with a processing unit that can run recorded programs; a series of electronic circuits …) to predict conditions in K2 -141b, an exoplanet (An exoplanet or extrasolar planet is a planet that orbits a star other than the Sun. Most …) the size of Earth (Earth is the third planet in the solar system in order of distance increasing of the sun and the fourth by increasing in size and mass. It is the largest and most massive of the four terrestrial planets ..), whose surface (A surface generally denotes the surface layer of an object. The term has several meanings, sometimes object …), the ocean (An ocean is often defined in geography as a vast area of salty water, in fact it is more of a volume, the water of which is constantly renewed by currents oceanic teas…) and the atmosphere is made up of the same ingredient: rocks. Extreme weather events predicted by the researchers could permanently alter K2-141b’s surface and atmosphere over time (weather is a concept developed by humans to capture changes in the world).
“This study is the first to make predictions of weather conditions on K2-141b that can be captured hundreds of light years away (a space telescope is a positioned telescope) beyond the atmosphere using next-generation telescopes such as the Telescope. Space. The Space Telescope has the advantage over its terrestrial counterpart, no…) James-Webb ”, explains Giang Nguyen, lead author and PhD student (A PhD student is a beginning researcher who undertakes, under the supervision of a PhD supervisor, a research project of variable duration …) at the University of York, under the supervision of Nicolas Cowan, professor at McGill University, as part of the study.
Two-thirds of the exoplanet is constantly illuminated by daylight (day or day is the interval between sunrise and sunset; this is the period between two nights when the sun’s rays illuminate the sky. It is…)
By analyzing the exoplanet’s illumination pattern, the team found that about two-thirds of K2-141b are constantly on, unlike the illuminated hemisphere that we are used to on Earth. K2-141b belongs to a subgroup of rocky planets that orbit very close to their star (a star is a celestial object that emits light autonomously, similar to a giant plasma ball like the sun, that the star is closer to the Earth). This proximity keeps the exoplanet in the same gravitational position, that is, the same side is constantly facing the star.
On the “night” side the temperature drops (temperature is a physical quantity that was measured with a thermometer and examined in thermometry. In everyday life it is associated with sensations of cold and …) the mark -200 ° C-. On the “daily” side of the exoplanet, we record temperatures of around 3000 ° C, a heat (in everyday language the words heat and temperature often have an equivalent meaning: what heat!) Not only is it enough to generate the stones To melt, but also to evaporate, which creates a dim atmosphere in some places. “The results of our study probably mean that the atmosphere extends a bit beyond the shores of the Magma Ocean, which makes it easier to find with space telescopes,” says Nicolas Cowan. Professor in the Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences at McGill University.
Possibilities to shower … from rocks
Surprisingly, we observe precipitation in the atmosphere from rocks (rock from the popular Latin rocca denotes any material that forms the earth’s crust. Any material that enters the composition of the subsoil is formed by an accumulation of minerals, sometimes with …) evaporated by extreme heat. Everything (everything that is understood as a set of what exists is often interpreted as the world or the universe). As in the water cycle (water is a ubiquitous chemical compound in the earth that is essential for all living organisms) in the earth, while water evaporates, rises in the atmosphere, condenses and then returns to the earth in the form of rain (rain generally refers to a precipitation of water in the liquid that falls from the clouds towards the ground. It is a meteorological hydrometeor, which is part of the cycle of …), sodium (sodium is a chemical element , symbol Na and atomic number 11. It is a soft and silvery metal that belongs to the alkali metals. We do not…), silicon monoxide (silicon is a chemical element of the crystallogenic family, symbol Si and atomic number 14.) and Silicon dioxide undergoes the same transformations as K2-141b. On land, rain flows into the oceans, where it evaporates again. The water cycle repeats in this way. At K2-141b, supersonic winds carry vapor () from the evaporated rock minerals to the icy, “night” side, where the rock falls as “rain” into an ocean of magma. The resulting currents return to the hot side of the exoplanet, where the rock evaporates again.
Note: However, the cycle on K2-141b is not as stable as that on Earth. The ocean current that returns the magma to the “daily” side is slow; Therefore, scientists predict that the mineral composition will change over time, eventually changing the surface and atmosphere of K2-141b.
“All rocky planets, including Earth, are primarily worlds in which matter (matter is the substance that any body with tangible reality is made of). Its three most common states are solid, liquid, and gas. Matter takes up space and …) melts, then quickly cools and solidifies. Lava planets give us the rare opportunity to observe this stage of a planet’s evolution, ”adds Professor Cowan.
The next step for scientists is to verify the accuracy of these predictions. The team now has data (in information technology (IT), data is an often-coded basic description of a thing, business transaction, event, etc.) on the Spitzer Space Telescope (The Spitzer Space Telescope is the infrared telescope largest released by NASA These wavelengths cannot be observed sensibly …), which gives you an initial idea of the temperatures on the “day” side and the “night” side of the exoplanet. Thanks to the telescope (a telescope (from the Greek tele means “far” and skopein means “to see, to see”) is an optical instrument that allows to increase the luminosity as well as the apparent size of objects …) James Room – Webb, set to open in 2021, it will also allow scientists to verify that the atmosphere is behaving as expected.
The study:
The study “Modeling the atmosphere of the lava planet” (A planet is a dynamic website that, in most cases, combines the content of notes, articles or publications published in blogs or websites on a single page to highlight its visibility and …) K2- 141b: Implications for high and low resolution spectroscopy “by T. Giang Nguyen, Nicolas Cowan, Agnibha Banerjee and John Moores was published in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa2487
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