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Preclinical
vaccines not yet in human trials
142
Phase 1
vaccines in small-scale safety trials
35
Phase 2
vaccines in expanded safety trials
19
Phase 3
vaccines in large-scale efficacy trials
eleven
Approved
vaccines approved for general use
0
Source: WHO. Last updated September 30
Researchers around the world are rushing to develop a vaccine against Covid-19, with more than 170 candidate vaccines being tracked by the World Health Organization (WHO).
Vaccines typically require years of testing and additional time to scale, but scientists hope to develop a coronavirus vaccine within 12 to 18 months.
Vaccines mimic the virus, or part of the virus, they protect against, stimulating the immune system to develop antibodies. They must follow higher safety standards than other drugs because they are given to millions of healthy people.
Recent Vaccine News
How are vaccines tested?
In the preclinical stage After testing, the researchers administer the vaccine to the animals to see if it triggers an immune response.
In phase 1 After clinical testing, the vaccine is given to a small group of people to determine if it is safe and to learn more about the immune response it causes.
In Phase 2, the vaccine is given to hundreds of people so that scientists can learn more about its safety and the correct dose.
In phase 3, the vaccine is given to thousands of people to confirm its safety, including rare side effects, and its effectiveness. These trials involve a control group receiving a placebo.
Vaccines in clinical trials
Phase in progress
Phase completed
Oxford University / AstraZeneca
BioNTech / Fosun Pharma / Pfizer
CanSino Biologics Inc./ Beijing Institute of Biotechnology
Wuhan / Sinopharm Institute of Biological Products
Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies
Gamaleya Research Institute
Beijing Institute of Biological Products / Sinopharm
Research Institute on Biosafety Problems, Republic of Kazakhstan
Inovio Pharmaceuticals / International Vaccine Institute
Osaka University / AnGes / Takara Bio
Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
SpyBiotech / Serum Institute of India
Anhui Zhifei Longcom Biopharmaceutical / Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Kentucky Bioprocessing, Inc
Cadila Healthcare Limited
Beijing Wantai Biological Pharmacy / Xiamen University
Clover Biopharmaceuticals Inc./GSK/Dynavax
VECTOR FBRI SRC VB, Rospotrebnadzor, Koltsovo
West China Hospital, Sichuan University
ReiThera / LEUKOCARE / Univercells
Medigen Vaccine Biologics Corporation / NIAID / Dynavax
Pasteur Institute / Themis / Univ. Of Pittsburg CVR / Merck Sharp & Dohme
Tuebingen University Hospital
Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, PLA of China
Finlay Vaccine Institute, Cuba
University of Queensland / CSL / Seqirus
Academy of Military Sciences of the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) / Walvax Biotech.
University of Melbourne / Murdoch Children’s Research Institute
Source: WHO. Last updated September 30
