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The maximum unit price of a house in the Shenzhen school district exceeds 300,000 yuan How big is the gap in educational resources?
Author: Huang Qiong
[ 40年间，深圳在校小学生人数已从4.7万增加到了106.9万，但深圳的小学仅由226所增加到340所。 ]
“I prefer to buy old houses inside customs, not big new houses outside customs.” Parents’ choice to buy a house to take their children to a good school is particularly obvious in a big city like Shenzhen with a small population and a large population.
A reporter from China Business News recently visited Guocheng Garden in Futian District, Shenzhen. The community is home to two famous schools, the Shenzhen Experimental Primary School and the Experimental Secondary School (known as the “House of the Double Experimental School District”). A certain real estate agent, Mr. Zhang, told reporters that currently only a 44-square-meter set of real estate is for sale in Guocheng Garden, and the title has to wait a year. The current price is 15 million yuan, and the unit price exceeds 340,000 yuan per square meter.
The interesting thing is that the Yuanlongyuan community, which is only 200 meters from the National City Garden, has a unit price of 114,000 yuan per square meter. Mr. Zhang said that for a 131-square-meter property currently for sale in Yuanlong Garden, the owner’s price is 15.3 million yuan. Although the unit price of a large apartment is generally much lower than that of a small apartment, in general, the unit price of the two communities still differs by more than 100,000 yuan.
The reporter learned from the official website of the Futian District Education Office that although Yuanlong Garden and Guocheng Garden are not far apart, they belong to two different school districts, one is the “Hongling Yuanling Campus” and the other is “Double Experiment”.
Similar cases are common in all districts of Shenzhen. Tao Yitao, director of the Shenzhen University China Special Economic Zone Research Center, told the China Business News reporter that in general, the shortage of basic education resources is a huge gap, and at the same time , there is a shortage of high-quality basic education resources and the unequal supply of education is a major problem. If we can fundamentally solve the problem of uneven quality of basic education supply, some obvious gaps can be narrowed by not having to go after the few good schools.
How big is the grade gap?
In the past 40 years, Shenzhen’s permanent population has multiplied by 42, with an annual increase of more than 400,000 people. The demographic dividend has given Shenzhen’s economy a strong boost for development, and Shenzhen has become the youngest city in the country, with an average age of no more than 35 years. However, children’s educational problems have also become prominent.
According to the latest data from the Shenzhen Statistical Yearbook, in 2019 there were 1,836 kindergartens in Shenzhen with 39,912 full-time teachers and 545 million students; 340 elementary schools, 58,511 full-time teachers and 1,069 million students; 417 regular high schools with 38,361 full-time teachers, 477,400 students.
From the perspective of the student-teacher ratio, the student-teacher ratio of ordinary primary schools in Shenzhen in 2019 is about 18.3, that is, one teacher corresponds to 18.3 students. Although this data is slightly lower than that of 2018, there is still a large gap compared to the national average. According to data from the National Statistical Yearbook, the ratio of students per teacher in ordinary primary schools throughout the country in 2019 was 16.85.
From the perspective of changes in the number of students and primary schools, in the 40 years from 1979 to 2019, the number of primary school students has increased from 47,000 to 1,069 million, but the number of primary schools in Shenzhen has only increased . from 226 to 340.
How big is the education gap in Shenzhen? In late 2019, Shenzhen multiple districts issued a grade warning: by 2020, there will be nearly 8,000 primary grade gaps in Longhua district and nearly 3,000 elementary school degree gaps in Longhua district; in 2020, the Futian district will have more than 7,000 public elementary gaps and more than 2,000 public elementary gaps; In 2020, the demand for public primary grades in Pingshan District will increase by approximately 14.6% compared to 2019, and the demand for public primary grades will increase by approximately 28.1% compared to 2019. It is impossible to guarantee that all boys, girls and Eligible school-age adolescents enroll in public institutions.
Taking the number of ordinary middle school students and students in Shenzhen in 2019 as the base number, the ratio between the number of Shenzhen high school students (477.4 million) and the number of primary school students (1.069 million) (hereinafter the “ratio of primary to secondary students”) is 0.45.
According to the statistical yearbooks for Shanghai, Beijing, and Guangzhou, during the same period, the ratio of students in Shanghai was 0.74, Beijing was 0.57, and Guangzhou was 0.48. Shenzhen has the lowest ratio of primary and secondary school students among the four tier 1 cities.
As early as 2018, Deng Shaoyong, a member of the Shenzhen Municipal Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference, publicly stated that in accordance with the requirements of the “Urban Residential District Planning and Design Code”, Shenzhen should have at least 719 schools in 2015, while there were only 334 elementary schools in Shenzhen that year, with a gap of 385. With the implementation of the two-child policy and the liberalization of school-age children in Hong Kong and Macau, the pressure on the supply of securities in Shenzhen. According to estimates by the education department, it is estimated that by 2020, the shortage of a primary grade in Shenzhen will reach 49,500.
Tao Yitao pointed out that the reason Shenzhen has faced a huge education gap is that basic education resource allocation is basically determined by household registration or permanent population. However, Shenzhen is a very active floating population city, and the younger population has Most of the people who break into Shenzhen have school-age children, so the demand for degrees has shown a stiff upward trend, but the supply of basic education is relatively lagging and slow; second, due to the teacher shortage in primary and secondary schools, primary and secondary school teachers are unable to do so due to different establishments inside and outside the system. To achieve the same pay for equal work, some teachers outside the system will make other decisions, resulting in a shortage of institutional teachers.
Can the university district and the group school management model overcome the deadlock?
In the realistic framework mentioned above, initiatives have been proposed for the university districts and the educational cluster.
The concept of a university district was proposed by the Shenzhen Municipal Education Office in early 2015. In simple terms, a university district is a community that corresponds to several schools, and its real estate is no longer directly linked to the title of a certain school. school, breaking the original fixed model of “a carrot and a hole”. The same school district houses are based on family points, home registration and social security. Other conditions are different, the admission schools may also be different.
Subsequently, five districts, including Futian, Longhua, Luohu, Nanshan and Yantian, successively piloted university districts, but each district has different specific rules according to different circumstances.
At the same time, with the “high-quality resource sharing” as a starting point, the trend of the group’s school management model has gradually become clearer in recent years. According to rough statistics from a CBN reporter, in 2003, Nanshan took the initiative to establish Shekou Yucai Education Group in the Pearl River Delta; Nanshan Experimental Education Group was established in 2012; Hongling Education Group was established in 2015; In 2017, Southern The Experimental Education Group of Science and Technology University and Nanshan Di The Group of the Second Foreign Language School was established; In 2019, Shenzhen Liyuan Education Group and Futian Experimental Education Group were established; In February 2021, the Futian District Liyuan Foreign Language Education Group was established.
These two sets of models appear to balance educational resources in districts, but there are still problems in district implementation.
For example, as the teams of various educational groups have grown, many parents have expressed concern about whether this measure can actually share educational resources.
A parent from Nanshan District, Mr. Wang, told a China Business News reporter: “In 2017, the community’s secondary and primary schools (Haiwen department and Haizhu department) were merged into the Group. of Nanshan Second Foreign Language Schools. the use of tutoring and the deployment of teachers are unified. But three years later, the children’s English textbooks at Xuefu Primary School not only differed from Haide School from Nanshan Second Foreign Language School (hereinafter referred to as the “South Second Foreign Language School ”), But also the excellent quality of the Xuefu Primary School. Teachers were transferred to the headquarters of the Second South Foreign Language School, and the excellent teachers of the South Foreign Language School were not seen to support elementary school At the same time, the community-owned lottery policy that lasted many years from 2015 to South Second Foreign Language School was also canceled in 2020. For community parents, the benefits of this grouping have not been felt. “
Hua Hong, director of the Development Research Department of the Shenzhen Association of Real Estate Agencies, said in an interview with a China Business News reporter that the original intention of the educational cluster implementation was to achieve the equalization of educational resources to through the “strong with the” weak “approach. However, at this stage, the grouping of education is very easy to fall into a simple way of scaling up, causing the original high-quality educational resources to be distributed in a On the contrary, high-quality resources are not high-quality, and the resources to promote have not been fundamentally reversed.
“The grouping of education is an attempt to solve the problem of the degree imbalance in Shenzhen. If the university district is to achieve the goal of space balance, the grouping of education is carried out from the perspective of management and functioning of the entire education system to achieve education. The goal of balanced resource allocation and exchange. ” Song Ding, deputy director of the China Urban Economy Expert Committee, told a China Business News reporter: “By the effect of the current implementation, the reform of the education group is still in its infancy and is still being explored.”
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