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On December 22, 2020, the Long March 8 carrier rocket ignited at the Wenchang space launch site and sent five satellites into the predetermined orbit by means of “one arrow and five stars.” The launch mission was a complete success.
The successful maiden flight of the Long March 8 carrier rocket means that after the successful maiden flight of the Long March 5, Long March 5B, Long March 6, Long March 7 and Long March 11 carrier rockets, there are more families of new generation carrier rockets. in China. A new member.
During the period of the “Thirteenth Five-Year Plan”, many members of China’s new generation carrier rockets completed their first flights and undertook important domestic aerospace engineering tasks, marking the gradual upgrade of China’s new generation carrier rockets spectrum. and the further strengthening of China’s space access capabilities.
Long March series of carrier rockets enables China to further explore the universe
During the “Thirteenth Five Year Plan” period, the increasing capabilities and number of launches of the Long March series of carrier rockets have enabled the Chinese to explore the universe further.
Over the past five years, carrier rockets developed by the Rocket Academy have continued to launch at high density. The annual number of launches of the Long March 3A series of carrier rockets has exceeded 14 times and the number of rockets developed by Rocket Academy has exceeded 200. The Long March 3A series of rockets have been launched. The number of times exceeded 100 times.
During the “13th Five-Year Plan” period, a new generation of carrier rockets was unveiled.
On the basis of the future trend of international aerospace development, in order to maintain the advanced level of the space transportation system, China has planned a new generation of Long March series carrier rockets. During the period of the “13th Five Year Plan”, a new generation of carrier rockets was introduced collectively. From 2015 to 2016, the Long March 5, Long March 6, Long March 7 and Long March 11 carrier rockets successively completed the first four new-generation Long March series carrier rockets. Flight mission. The Type 4 rocket flew for the first time in two years, unprecedented in the international aerospace industry, greatly enhancing China’s ability to enter space, and its payload and rocket performance reached the current international advanced level.
Let’s take a look at the new generation of launch vehicles developed by the Rocket Academy during the “13th Five Year Plan” period.
The Long March 11 launch vehicle is the only solid launch vehicle in the Long March launch vehicle series, which can be launched at sea and on land. The rocket is almost 21 meters long, weighs 58 tons, and has a liftoff thrust of 120 tons. It is compatible with two 2 meter and 1.6 meter diameter fairings. It can send 500 kilograms of payload into a 500 kilometer synchronous orbit with the sun, enabling a fast network of satellites. And repair the network to meet emergency launch needs.
The Long March VII carrier rocket is a new generation of medium-sized carrier rockets recently developed by China’s Manned Space Project for launching cargo spacecraft. It adopts a “two-and-a-half” configuration with a low Earth orbit load capacity of 13.5 tons and a geosynchronous transfer orbit transport capacity of 5.5 tons. , Reaching the advanced level of similar rockets at home and abroad. The Long March 7 launch vehicle has developed and applied 96 new technologies, of which 12 are important key technologies, and the proportion of new technologies exceeds 70%.
The Long March 5 carrier rocket uses liquid hydrogen, liquid oxygen and kerosene as propellants, and has recently developed a 120-ton kerosene / liquid oxygen engine and a 50-ton hydrogen-oxygen engine. The design of the rocket focuses on generalization, serialization, and combining. Adopts a “one and a half” or “two and a half” configuration, with a central stage diameter of 5 meters, together with four 3.35 meters diameter liquid oxygen kerosene boosters, the rocket is about 60 meters in long, it has a low Earth orbit payload capacity of 25 tons and a geosynchronous transfer orbit payload capacity of 14 tons, which is equivalent to the payload capacity of major international carrier rockets.
The Long March 5B launch vehicle is China’s first new generation large liquid launch vehicle with a configuration of one and a half. The central stage of the rocket has a diameter of 5 meters and is equipped with 4 thrusters with a diameter of 3.35 meters. The total length is approximately 53.66 meters. The length of the roof is 20.5 meters. The rockets use all clean fuels, such as liquid hydrogen, liquid oxygen, and kerosene. The take-off mass is about 849 tons, the take-off thrust is about 1,078 tons, and the low-Earth orbit (LEO) carrying capacity is not less than 22 tons. It is specially designed for manned space flights. A new type of launch vehicle developed for the construction of the engineering space station.
The Long March 8 carrier rocket is a new generation of medium-sized carrier rockets developed by the Rocket Academy for the international commercial space launch market. It adopts a center stage with 2-impeller configuration. The total length is about 50.3 meters, the take-off mass is about 356 tons, and the take-off thrust is about 480 tons, which can send a load of more than 4.5 tons to the synchronous orbit of the sun of 700 kilometers, filling the gap in China’s launch vehicle synchronous transfer orbit carrying capacity of 3 to 4.5 tons.
With the development and improvement of the new generation of Long March series carrier rockets, the current in-service carrier rockets will gradually be withdrawn from the stage of history and perform the complete replacement of new and old rockets, so that the level China’s carrier rockets will once again exceed the world leading level.
He pioneered a new model of “space-ground integration + commercial operation” Commercial aerospace development is constantly advancing
During the “13th Five-Year Plan” period, the rockets developed by the Rocket Academy have successively provided international commercial launch services for Laos, Belarus and other countries.
In the broadcasting and communications satellite project no. 1 in Laos in 2015, the Rocket Academy pioneered a new model of “space-to-ground integration + commercial operation”, which expanded new ideas in the international commercial launch market and enhanced the ability of the Long March series of carrier rockets to participate in international competition.
Laos One Satellite Ground Station
In recent years, the Rocket Academy has launched the concept of “special space vehicle”, “space shuttle”, “space shuttle” and “space vehicle”, providing customers with a variety of products and services, such as integrated systems solutions. space-to-earth and an optimized combination of launch resource allocation. .
Jielong One carrier rocket
This type of rocket is a micro-small solid launch vehicle specially developed by Rocket Academy for the small satellite launch market. Its synchronous orbit to the sun of 700 kilometers can carry up to 150 kilograms. It is one of the lowest cost rockets in the world per unit charge in orbit. “Jielong” is aimed at the microsatellite launch market and provides a more flexible, economical and faster channel for the verification of microsatellites, constellation networks and complementary networks.
High-quality success is inseparable from high-quality management
During the “Thirteenth Five Year Plan” period, the Rocket Academy proposed the concept of management of model removal and task removal. The mission cycle of a single rocket was shortened to 4-5 months; the group went into production and the active rocket has 40 rounds / year of final assembly and general tests. With launch capability, the new generation of rockets achieves 5-8 rounds / year of final assembly and general test and launch capabilities; optimizing the process, streamlining the process at the liquid rocket launch site at normal temperature to 15 days. The Long March 11 carrier rocket is capable of launching in a few hours in any weather.
Rocket assembly
Moving forward, the Rocket Academy will use refined process management as a key, combining systems and standards with work, and accelerating the construction of a space-powered country with a “double innovation” model of technological innovation and management innovation. (The article comes from the WeChat public account of the China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology)
