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Original Title: Sanxingdui “New Development” Demonstration on Diversity and Integration of Chinese Civilization
This is an imposition image: the image on the left shows the archaeological excavation site at the Sanxingdui site with traditional measuring tools in 1986 (photo courtesy of archaeologist Chen De’an); The image on the right shows the archaeological excavation site at the Sanxingdui site on March 10. At “sacrifice pit” number 3, archaeologists used a total station to locate the newly discovered cultural relics (Photo by Agency reporter of Xinhua Shen Bohan News). The research on archaeological excavation and protection of the Sanxingdui site made full use of modern scientific and technological means to achieve the close integration of the whole process of archaeological excavation, scientific archeology and protection of cultural relics. Xinhua News Agency
After more than 30 years, Sanxingdui has “renewed”!
On March 20, the “China Archeology” major project progress meeting was held in Chengdu, Sichuan province, and the important archaeological discoveries and research results of the Sanxingdui site in Guanghan, Sichuan were announced. The 6 newly discovered “sacrifice pits” have been dug down to the artifact level. Golden mask fragments, gold bird-shaped ornaments, gold leaf, copper heads painted with eyes, giant bronze masks, sacred bronze trees, ivory, and exquisite carved tooth fragments. They were unearthed.There are more than 500 important cultural relics, such as jade congs and jade tools.
According to Lei Yu, a researcher at the Sichuan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archeology, and head of the Sanxingdui workstation, from October 2020 until now, the Sichuan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archeology has carried out explorations and excavations. archaeological sites in the area of pits No. 1 and No. 2 excavated in 1986, which basically clarified the Sanxingdui site The spatial pattern of the slaughter area.
The new discoveries will enrich and deepen the understanding of the Sanxingdui site and the Sanxingdui culture, and a more complete understanding of the Sanxingdui culture and the culture of the surrounding areas, especially the historical relationship with the culture of the Central Plains and the Jianghan Plain. , and the historical process of the pluralistic integration of Chinese civilization Research provides physical information.
New Discoveries Help Solve Unsolved Academic Problems
The Sanxingdui site is located in Sanxingdui City, Guanghan City, Sichuan Province, on the south bank of the Mianjiang (Duck River), a tributary of the Tuojiang River in the northern part of the Chengdu Plain. The site covers an area of approximately 12 square kilometers. The central area is the ancient city of Sanxingdui, with an area of about 3.6 square kilometers. It is the largest and highest-level central site discovered in the Xia-Shang period in the Sichuan Basin.
According to Leiyu, the six newly discovered “sacrifice pits”, along with the two “sacrifice pits” excavated in 1986, are located in the eastern part of the Sanxingdui platform, between the Sanxingdui city wall and the Sanxingdui wall. the south city. There are rectangular trenches related to sacrificial activities around. Furrows, circular shafts and large trench-style buildings, etc.
Chen Xiandan, Digger of the “Sacrificial Pits” No. 1 and n. 2 Sanxingdui and former vice president of the Sichuan Archeology and Cultural Relics Research Institute, said: “Compared to the previous two, the six newly discovered sacrificial pits are all rectangular in shape. The shape and orientation are the same. , and the types of cultural relics unearthed are similar, but many new types have appeared. At the same time, the sacrificial pits are different in size and depth. The cultural relics in the pits have their own emphasis. Some pits have more ivory, and some wells are larger than many of bronze. “
Chen Xiandan said that the new models that emerged during the archaeological excavation not only reflect the close connection with the Central Plains culture, but also reveal the innovations that the ancient Shu culture has absorbed and fused in its own use in exchanging civilizations.
“The archaeological discoveries at the Sanxingdui site are very important discoveries that will affect archeology in Sichuan, China, and even the world.” Sun Hua, a professor at the Peking University School of Archeology, Culture and Museum, believes that new discoveries in the Sanxingdui “sacrifice area” will help solve long-term unrest Academic problems that can be solved, such as the most basic problems of age and nature; “help restore the space within the” temple “or the” sacrifice area “at that time, and have a complete understanding of the ritual space, religious thoughts, and even the universe reflected at that time. The concepts provide very important information ”.
Archaeological excavations are not just a matter of our generation
The role of science and technology in the field of archeology has become increasingly apparent. On the afternoon of March 19, the archaeological excavation at the Sanxingdui site was proceeding in an orderly manner. An archaeological laboratory was installed on the site. This is the first initiative to achieve the perfect connection between archaeological relics and the protection of cultural relics.
“For the excavation, protection and information extraction of the newly discovered pits, we have specially designed a set of multifunctional archaeological operating systems and strive to innovate and design Chinese-style archaeological excavation facilities and equipment,” said Lei Yu.
The excavation work adheres to the concept of “subject pre-establishment, protection synchronization, multidisciplinary integration and multi-team cooperation,” coordinating the participation of many national scientific research institutions and universities, such as the Chinese Academy of Archeology Institute. of Social Sciences, Peking University and Sichuan Institute of Archeology and Cultural Relics Joint Archeology, Conservation and Research Team.
Ran Honglin, the person in charge of the archaeological excavation site at the Sanxingdui site, presented that from the personnel, the expert construction to the equipment setup of the facilities and the specific work operations, the cultural relic protection personnel participated at each link to “escort” the unearthed cultural relics.
“The multidisciplinary integration and the cooperation of multiple teams are also an important feature. More than 30 units participated in this excavation work. Multidisciplinary researchers from different units not only participated in the archaeological excavations, but also participated in the assembly of multiple disciplinary research plans, collection of samples, etc., to avoid the unfavorable situation of archaeological excavation and multidisciplinary research, “he said. Ran Honglin.
Archaeologists at the Sanxingdui site also collected comprehensive information on excavations. Ran Honglin said: “Archaeological excavations are not just a matter of our generation, but they also leave the information to future generations and retain enough information to provide enough for future excavations and protection research. Rich information “.
Tracing the origin of the Sanxingdui culture, the excavation will continue
The Sanxingdui site is named after the “Hanzhou Chronicles” during the Jiaqing period of the Qing Dynasty, “the famous Guanghan area, the ancient land of Luocheng … the east is the spring and the Wanhu, and the west is accompanied by the moon and Sanxing “. The site was first discovered in the late 1920s. In 1934, Ge Weihan, an American scholar at the West China University Museum, conducted the first excavation.
After the founding of New China, the Sichuan Province Department of Cultural Relics restarted archaeological work on the Sanxingdui site. In 1986, “Sacrificial Pits” No. 1 and No. 2 were discovered and over a thousand pieces of precious cultural relics were unearthed, most of which had not been seen before, revealing a new face of bronze culture. In 1987, archaeologists came up with the name “Sanxingdui Culture”, inferring that its age was equivalent to the period from the late Xia dynasty to the Shang and Zhou dynasties. In 1988, the Sanxingdui site was announced by the State Council as a national unit for the protection of key cultural relics.
From the 1980s to the present, the State Administration of Cultural Heritage has guided Sichuan Province to conduct large-scale surveys, exploration and excavations, and has continually clarified the distribution range and structural design of the Sanxingdui site. In addition, archaeologists gradually clarified the distribution range of the Sanxingdui culture, revealed the close relationship between the Sanxingdui culture and the Xia and Shang culture in the Central Plains, and gradually explored the origin of the Sanxingdui culture.
At present, the State Administration of Cultural Heritage has identified the “Study on the civilization process of the Sichuan-Chongqing Bashu area” as a major project of “Archaeological China”, an in-depth study of the historical process of the evolution of Sichuan-Chongqing. civilization of the area and its integration into the general structure of pluralism of the Chinese nation.
According to the project plan “Archaeological China”, the next step will be to carry out excellent archaeological excavations and protection of cultural relics, multidisciplinary investigation of the newly discovered “sacrifice pit”, and exploration and excavation of the periphery of the “sacrificial pit”. “To understand the general pattern of the sacrificial area, the training process consists of systematically and comprehensively understanding the sacrificial system of the ancient Shu civilization.
China Youth Daily · China Youth Daily reporter Jiang Xiaobin Source: China Youth Daily
Edition 07 on March 22, 2021
