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Original title: This important document must be issued every year, there is always content that is relevant to you …
February 21, 2021 Central Document No. 1“Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on the Comprehensive Promotion of Rural Revitalization and Acceleration of Agricultural and Rural Modernization”release.This is the first Central Document No. 1 during the period of the “14th Five-Year Plan”. The document pointed out that the period of the “XIV Five-Year Plan” is the first five years to take advantage of the momentum to undertake a new journey of building a modern socialist country in a comprehensive manner and march towards the goal of the second centenary. . We must persist in taking the resolution of the “three rural problems” as the highest priority of the work of the whole party, regarding the comprehensive promotion of rural revitalization as an important task to achieve the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation and to use the power of the whole party and society to accelerate the modernization of agriculture and rural areas, and let the majority of farmers live a better life.
So what kind of arrangements does the document make for the general promotion of rural revitalization? What are the key points to understand?
Keyword convergence
The first Central Document No. 1 at the beginning of the “XIV Five-Year Plan” established the general objective of promoting rural revitalization and accelerating the modernization of agriculture and rural areas. The document noted that the key task this year is a keyword “convergence”: consolidating and expanding the results of poverty alleviation and effectively connecting with rural revitalization. Zhang Hongyu, vice dean of the China Rural Research Institute at Tsinghua University, said that my country’s poverty alleviation will have achieved world-renowned achievements by 2020, but that poverty alleviation is not the end. Rather, rural revitalization is a more comprehensive, inclusive, and long-term endeavor.
Zhang Hongyu:The key to poverty alleviation is how the 98.99 million absolutely poor people can completely solve their poverty alleviation problem. It is a special group. How rural revitalization turns special groups of people into rural revitalization process so that all farmers can achieve high-quality and high-efficiency agriculture, livability and work in rural areas, and prosperity for farmers in the process of rural revitalization? It has comprehensive and inclusive features. Rural revitalization covers the 9.6 million square kilometers of the country. It is not just about rural issues, but how cities, including secondary and tertiary industries, can complement agriculture with industry, use cities to boost rural areas and promote mutual prosperity between industry and agriculture is a comprehensive question.
To do a good job of “convergence”, the first thing to do is “consolidate”. The document makes it clear that once the poverty alleviation goals and tasks are completed, a five-year transition period will be established and the current major assistance policies will remain generally stable during the transition period. Maintain the bottom line to avoid a return to poverty on a large scale. While consolidating the results of poverty alleviation, Zhang Hongyu believes that “expansion” is more important.
Zhang Hongyu:First, in planning, urban and rural areas must be considered as a whole, and it cannot be said that cities are urban, rural areas are rural, and urban and rural areas are divided. The second expansion will be in the construction of infrastructure. What is the next step in “Fourteenth five-yearDuring the period, in the modernization process, urban and rural areas should consider infrastructure construction as a whole. The third public service, in this sense, continues to be our weak and deficient point. Rural health care issues and quality problems of rural education, including rural areas The issue of social security in China is still significantly different from that in cities, forcing us to work hard.
Stock building land, farm
To promote rural revitalization in a comprehensive manner, it is necessary to install new industries, which is inseparable from land use. In recent years, how to revitalize the rural land stock has been the focus of society. Compared with Core Document No. 1 in previous years, this year’s document has been actively exploring the implementation of rural collectively operated construction sites in the market, adding the phrase “Enhance the construction site revitalization policy of rural stock and implement negative list management. “Ye Xingqing, director of the Rural Economic Research Department of the State Council Development Research Center, said that this means that the scope of available land is extended to abandoned schools, office buildings and other construction grounds. The “Negative List Management Implementation” essentially relaxes the way it is used, that is, everything outside the list can be done.
Ye Xingqing:Passing a negative list means that you can do what is not on the negative list. In this way, the enthusiasm of all regions can be mobilized effectively, so that all regions can start from reality more fully. The so-called negative list is that you cannot change the collective ownership of the land, you cannot build a villa complex, you cannot build a commercial house and there is one to protect the interests of farmers.
As for farms, “the standardization of the implementation of daily registration and certification work for housing and land integration farms” first appeared in Central Document No. 1.Ye Xingqing pointed out that the so-called “integration of premises and land” was proposed in response to some situations where premises and land are not integrated in practice. This regulation clarifies home and farm ownership.
Ye Xingqing:We must confirm the rights of the country house and consequently confirm the rights of the land occupied by the country house. My house occupies an area of 140 square meters, of which 120 square meters are within the standard and 20 square meters are above the standard, I must indicate in the register how many square meters are above the standard. For example, I am a city resident and inherited my parents’ country house. I want to confirm the right right now. It must be said there that you obtained the right to use the property by inheriting the house.
Keywords: food, arable land, seed industry.
“Food” is always the keyword for agriculture, rural areas and farmers.The document proposes that the production of cereals in 2021 exceeds 1.3 billion catties, and highlights that during the period of the “XIV Five-Year Plan”, all the provinces (autonomous communities and municipalities) should stabilize the areas planted with cereals and increase returns. The term “build a national food safety industrial belt” was also added to Core Document No. 1 for the first time. Zheng Fengtian, vice dean of the School of Agriculture and Rural Development of Renmin University of China, believes that the “National Food Safety Industry Belt” not only emphasizes the political position of food production, but also reveals the benefits economics of food production.
Zheng Fengtian:Why mention the food safety industry belt? Because in the past, people in the main functional areas of the grain may feel that, for example, I would not produce if I did not make money. When it comes to food safety, it is a political task for all local governments. Furthermore, through our continuous production, you can build your land and infrastructure on the one hand, and enhance your profits through post-production processing and the integration of primary, secondary and tertiary industries. All this on a certain scale. . Therefore, the concept of industrial belts is the scale and the brand, which in the end can be effective.
Under national conditions of more people and less land, to maintain the total amount of grain, the area sown with grain must be stabilized. “Cultivated land” is also a keyword in this document. The document emphasizes that the strictest arable land protection system will be implemented through the adoption of “growth teeth” measures. Strictly control the occupation of cultivated land for non-agricultural construction, resolutely curb “no agriculture” of cultivated land and prevent “no grain”. Zhang Hongyu, vice dean of the China Rural Research Institute at Tsinghua University, said the five red lines must be met for arable land “if not every inch of land is allowed, every inch of land must be contested.”
Zhang Hongyu:The first is 1.8 billion mu of arable land, which must not be exceeded at any time. The idea of non-agricultural and non-cereal use cannot be used on cultivated land, it must be strictly prohibited. The second red line is 1.75 billion mu. Sowing of large grains, including soybean sowing area, must be ensured. There is no room for maneuver. The third result is 800 million mu of wheat and rice. The area must be secured at all times. The fourth bottom line is that by next year, we will build 1 billion mu of agricultural land with high standards of protection against droughts and floods. The fifth result is that our functional areas of grain production must guarantee more than 90% of the grains, that is, corn, wheat and rice, and more than 95% of the rations, that is, wheat and rice.
To achieve food stabilization, conservation of arable land and preservation of the area are one aspect, and increasing unit yield is another aspect. “Seed industry” has become a new keyword in Core Document No. 1 this year. The document proposes to carry out a technical investigation on the “stuck neck” provenance. In-depth implementation of joint research on crops and improved varieties of livestock and poultry. As soon as possible, the source of important agricultural products will be controlled independently.
Furthermore, in response to my country’s current dependency on soybean and oilseed imports, the document recently proposed to “promote the development of woody grains and oils and the forest economy.”Zhang Hongyu pointed out that harnessing the potential of my country’s woody grains and oils is conducive to enhancing oil self-sufficiency.
Zhang Hongyu:In certain areas, this woody oil harvest has played a supporting role in terms of the total supply of local oils. If the central government clearly presents the requirements in this regard, it actually means that China is so big. All types of oils and fats include woody crops, including annual oil crops, including peony oil that we are talking about, including olive oil, so we have to dig. The potential is still great. With this kind of potential, we cannot participate in a one-size-fits-all chess game, but we must adapt to local conditions.
Source: Voice of China, China Central Radio and Television
