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Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, February 4, Title: After Breast Cancer Has Become “The World’s Largest Cancer” – Questions on the Status of Breast Cancer Prevention and Treatment in China
Xinhua News Agency reporters Lin Miaomiao, Ni Yuanjin, Ma Xiaodong
Recently, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) of the World Health Organization published the latest global cancer data, showing that in terms of the type of cancer distribution, the number of new cases of breast cancer in 2020 it reached 2.26 million, beating lung cancer (2.2 million) for the first time, becoming “the number one cancer in the world.”
So what is the situation of the prevention and treatment of breast cancer in my country? What is the reason for the rapid increase in incidence? How should we respond? When World Cancer Day arrived on February 4, with a series of questions, reporters from the Xinhua News Agency interviewed many authoritative experts.
With rapid growth, early onset and late diagnosis, the situation of breast cancer prevention and treatment in my country remains dire
“Lung cancer has always ranked first in the global cancer incidence list and can be affected by both men and women. About 98% of breast cancer patients are women. In 2020, the number of new cases of breast cancer in the world “China Said Ma Fei, chief physician of the Department of Internal Medicine of the Oncology Hospital of the Academy of Medical Sciences and vice president of the National Committee on Breast Cancer. Quality Control Center.
“The growth rate of breast cancer incidence in China has exceeded the world average, and it is also higher than that of European and American countries.” Ma Fei introduced that the incidence of breast cancer in China has three characteristics: First, the age of onset is early, 10 to 15 years earlier than in Western countries on average; the second is that the clinical stage is relatively late at the time of diagnosis, there are more patients in the middle and late stages, and the proportion of early patients is much lower than that in European and American countries The third is that the period survival rate is lower than that of European and American countries due to late discovery.
Aging is a major factor in all cancers, and breast cancer is no exception. According to experts, the age group for breast cancer in my country is concentrated in the age group over 50 years, and the aging of the population may cause the incidence of breast cancer to continue to rise.
Also, more than half of the women in my country have dense breasts. Studies have found that women with dense breast tissue have a higher risk of breast cancer, which also makes it less likely that breast cancer will be found. Compared to lung cancer and some gastrointestinal cancers, breast cancer has a lower death rate, and early detection and active treatment play an important role.
“Pay attention to the pain”, do you have this kind of misunderstanding against cancer?
“Most menopausal women do not mean that young women are far from breast cancer.” Ma Fei said that, from a global perspective, the absolute number of young breast cancer patients under 35 in my country is relatively higher, with cancer under 25. Patients are not uncommon. While the reasons for the earlier age of onset in the Chinese population have yet to be studied further, it is generally believed that the earlier the age of onset, the stronger the dominant role that genetic factors play, thus That women with a family history of breast cancer should not be taken lightly.
“Existing research shows that soy milk and other soy products do not increase the risk of breast cancer.” According to Xie Fei, deputy chief physician of Peking University People’s Hospital Breast Center, it is clear that exogenous estrogens are more likely to increase the risk of breast cancer A high-fat fast food diet leading to obesity .
“Breast lumps cannot be removed with massage and there is no evidence that massage can prevent cancer. If it has become cancerous, massage can also promote cancer metastasis.” Ma Fei suggested that the earlier breast cancer is detected, the higher the survival rate. If you find swollen axillary lymph nodes and abnormal appearance of the breasts, you should seek medical treatment through regular channels in time.
“It should be noted that breast cancer is generally not painful, unlike the pain caused by breast hyperplasia. The vast majority of breast nodules are benign and do not require additional intervention.” Xie Fei said: “If the nodules are hard in texture and Relatively fixed position, of sudden recent appearance or fast growing, the possibility of malignancy is high and imaging tests such as ultrasound are required, and the diagnosis is finally confirmed by pathological diagnosis “.
Breast cancer-related mutations can also cause other cancers
“About 20% of breast cancer patients have a family history. Among them, there are at least more than 20 genes related to breast cancer. The best known are BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations. Take BRCA2 mutations as an example no it only greatly increases breast cancer. The risk of morbidity will also increase the risk of ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, pancreatic cancer and melanoma. Both men and women can suffer from the disease. Patients with a family history should pay special attention ” . Xie Fei said.
Xie Fei suggested that during physical exams, blood is sometimes drawn to detect tumor markers. Among them, CA153 is not sensitive to the early diagnosis of breast cancer. Usually it will not increase until the tumor burden is large, which is why it is mainly used for breast cancer surgery. After screening, it is not suitable for early detection and diagnosis of cancer. It is recommended that adult women usually pay attention to monthly breast self-exam and annual physical examination and imaging. Asian women, especially young women, generally have denser breasts, so an ultrasound is recommended.
Ma Fei suggested that high estrogen levels and long exposure time are considered to be related to the development of breast cancer. Therefore, early menarche and late menopause are one of the risk factors for breast cancer. Parents should never give their children estrogens that contain Informal health products or topical cosmetics, precocious puberty in boys will not only affect normal development, but also increase the risk of breast cancer in the future. Menopausal women should use estrogen replacement therapy with caution, and it can be done under the guidance of a regular hospital physician.
