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Northeast is the first to test comprehensive liberalization of birth policy, which is a desirable move | Boiling
▲On February 26, 2020, a mother suffering from a new coronary pneumonia gave birth to an uninfected newborn via cesarean section. Photo by Tao Ran, reporter for Beijing News.Should the Northeast take the lead in liberalizing birth restrictions?
Don’t doubt your hearing. This may be true.
According to the news on the official website of the National Health Commission on February 18, the commission has responded to the “Recommendations to solve the problem of the population decline in the northeast” of the National People’s Congress based on of their job duties.
The National Health Commission considers that the representative’s suggestion that the country should take the initiative in the liberalization of birth restrictions for the population in the northeast region is of great reference value for the Commission’s work. The Northeast region can explore and implement a comprehensive liberalization policy based on local conditions. You need supporting documents; assessment of the social risks of policy changes, etc. On this basis, a pilot program is proposed to implement a comprehensive birth policy in Northeast China.
Here the question arises: Why did the Northeast take the lead in piloting? What kind of signal did the response from the National Health Commission send?
▲ Response of the National Health Commission to Recommendation No. 9839 of the Third Session of the XIII National People’s Congress, Image / Official website of the National Health Commission.The population of the three northeastern provinces has entered a stage of negative growth
The representative proposed “suggesting that the country take the initiative in the liberalization of birth restrictions for the population in the Northeast” based on several facts:
First, the population of the three northeastern provinces has entered negative growth and the population loss is severe.
Second, the aging of the population in the three northeastern provinces is higher than the national average, and the pension insurance fund has run out of income.
Third, the fertility rate in the three northeastern provinces is extremely low, almost the lowest in the country.
This is not without roots, but it also answers the question of “Why Northeast China?” The negative population growth of the three northeastern provinces and the severe population loss have become a social problem that cannot be underestimated.
Statistics show that the natural population growth rate of Liaoning Province in 2019 is -0.80 ‰; The natural population growth rate of Jilin Province in 2019 is -0.85 ‰; The natural population growth rate of Heilongjiang Province in 2019 is -1.01 ‰.
Although population data for the three northeastern provinces in 2020 has yet to be released, there is a high probability that the negative trend of population growth will continue.
Furthermore, the permanent population of the three northeastern provinces has been declining in recent years. In 2018, among the permanent residents of 31 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities, only 4 provinces and cities experienced negative growth, with the exception of Beijing, the three northeastern provinces of China.
From 2014 to 2019, the population of Heilongjiang Province decreased by 817,000, the population of Jilin Province decreased by 616,500, and the population of Liaoning Province decreased by 397,000.
In addition, the population of the three northeastern provinces is severely aging and the pension insurance fund has not been able to cover costs.
In 2019, the proportion of the population aged 65 and over in Liaoning Province was 16.2%, the proportion of the population aged 65 and over in Jilin Province was 13.93%, the proportion of The population aged 65 and over in Heilongjiang Province was 13.8%, and the proportion of the population aged 65 and over in the country was 12.6%. It can be seen that the aging of the population in the three northeastern provinces is higher than the national average.
Due to the deepening aging of the population, the burden of pensions is increasingly heavy. In recent years, the pension insurance funds in the three northeastern provinces have run out of income.
In 2018, the central government introduced the central pension adjustment system, and all provinces collectively paid a certain percentage of pensions, and these pensions were transferred to various places through transfers. The three northeastern provinces have been among the biggest beneficiaries of the central government’s adjustment fund for several consecutive years.
The 2020 annual budget of the central adjustment fund released by the Ministry of Finance shows that the central adjustment fund in 2020 will reach 739.823 billion yuan. Among them, Liaoning Province’s net income was 55.558 million yuan, Heilongjiang’s net income was 48.556 million yuan, and Jilin’s net income was 14.519 million yuan. The net profit of the three northeastern provinces reached 118.6 billion yuan, representing more than 60% of the total benefited provinces.
“Birth” and “education” are two issues, but birth restrictions still need to be liberalized
After the news broke, many people applauded and some people were also suspicious: the fertility rate in the three northeastern provinces is extremely low, and even if fertility is fully liberalized, it will be difficult to increase the fertility rate. ready to give birth.
This point of view is not without enlightenment: “birth” and “birth” are two questions Some people do not want to “give birth”, but are actually concerned about “birth”.
This does not lead to the conclusion that “the liberalization of birth restrictions in the three northeastern provinces is useless”, on the contrary, it shows that the liberalization of birth restrictions in the three northeastern provinces is not only necessary but also urgent. However, on this basis, it is also necessary to reduce the cost of parenting and provide good delivery services.
According to the 2010 census data, the total fertility rates for Liaoning, Jilin, and Heilongjiang are 0.74, 0.76, and 0.75, respectively. This means that the average number of children born to each woman of childbearing age in the three northeastern provinces is less than one, which is less than most of the country’s provincial administrative regions.
Given that many couples do not want to have one or two children, much less three children? In this circumstance, to “release the birth restrictions” to promote “a greater willingness to give birth”, it is necessary to provide support services.
To increase people’s willingness to have children, ultimately, it is necessary to reduce the cost of childbirth, parenting, and education.
People often complain online, not because they don’t want to give birth, but because they don’t dare to give birth. Therefore, if we want people to be willing to give birth, we still have to improve the role of fertility policy, so that fertility policy can really support people.
It should be noted that the ultra-low fertility rate is not only a problem in the Northeast, but similar problems also exist in other regions. It’s just that the country’s low-fertility state lags the Northeast for about ten years. .
From 2017 to 2019, the nation’s birth population has declined three times in a row. Although the national birth population data for 2020 has not yet been released, judging by the birth population data released by some cities at the prefecture level, the birth population in 2020 will generally decline by more than 10%, and the population of births in individual regions will decline. drop by more than 20%.
On February 8, the website of the Ministry of Public Security released the “2020 National Names Report”, which stated: “As of December 31, 2020, a total of 10,035 million newborns were born in 2020 and have registered with the public security organs “.
According to the 2019 National Report on Names, at the end of 2019, a total of 11.79 million newborns were born in 2019 and registered with public security organs. Compared to the same caliber, the number of newborns that have settled in 2020 has decreased by 1.755 million compared to 2019.
The Fifth Plenary Session of the XIX Central Committee proposed for the first time “improving the inclusion of childbirth policies” and proposed “reducing the cost of childbirth, parenting and education.” This means that, given the new situation of population decline at birth, the fertility policy must be adapted to families with different fertility patterns (including families with three and four children).
Judging from the current situation, it is necessary to take timely measures to improve the inclusiveness of birth policies, reduce the cost of childbirth, rearing and education, reverse the decreasing trend of births and promote the long-term balanced development of the population.
And letting the three northeastern provinces take the lead in liberalizing birth restrictions is a desirable move.
He alreadyblessing（Trigraph）
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