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According to foreign media BGR, the immunity of the new coronavirus remains a mystery, and researchers cannot yet provide a clear answer on how long it can last. Several studies have shown that the immune response after COVID-19 involves many types of cells, not just neutralizing antibodies.And one study showed that people infected in the early stages of the pandemic still have a strong immune response 8 months later., Which shows that similar protection is possible with vaccines.
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The United States and the United Kingdom are currently injecting the first batch of new corona vaccines and the entire European Union will begin vaccination activities after Christmas. Pfizer / BioNTech vaccines have been licensed for emergency use in all of these areas, and Moderna’s drugs are temporarily licensed for emergency use only in the United States. Some health experts believe that, combined with ongoing health measures, vaccines can accelerate the return to normal life, because they can help to rapidly develop herd immunity.
Phase 3 trials show that these two drugs can prevent severe COVID-19 in 95% of cases, helping to dramatically reduce the number of deaths. The vaccine developers also explained that the vaccine can cause a powerful immune response that equals or exceeds the immune response of COVID-19 survivors. What they cannot say is how long COVID-19 immunity will last after vaccination, but now there is a new COVID-19 study that brings good news in this regard.
Researchers at Monash University published their findings in the form of a pre-review manuscript a month ago. They studied samples from 25 COVID-19 survivors and found that the volunteers developed long-lasting immunity after infection. The sample collection time was 242 days after infection, which is approximately 8 months. The researchers confirmed that the protein that prevents the virus from infecting cells can disappear from the blood after a period of time. Those are neutralizing antibodies, which can latch onto the spike glycoprotein of the virus and prevent it from binding to human cells. But they have a more important discovery.
The research team discovered that the immune system creates B and T cells that are specific for new pathogens. These white blood cells will “recognize” the new coronavirus during the second encounter. B cells will produce other antibodies against new events, and some T cells will directly kill cells that are actually infected. Although the antibodies decreased over time, memory B cells continued to increase for up to 150 days after the onset of symptoms.
Researchers from Monash University basically gave the best immunological news in the world so far, that the immune response after COVID-19 infection is a powerful response. They further confirmed other recent immunological studies, showing that it is not only a neutralizing antibody, but also important in helping to fight the virus after reinfection. The immune response is more complicated than this.
Vaccine manufacturers mainly detailed neutralizing antibodies in their reports, but they also began testing for B cells and T cells after vaccination. The Pfizer / BioNTech team recently explained that T cells that target the viral spike glycoprotein are produced after vaccination.
The Monash University research has just been published in “ScienceMag.” Although more data is needed on the subject of COVID-19 immunity, this adds further validation to this research. This is not just another article published in a non-peer-reviewed format.
“With the development of knowledge of SARS-CoV-2 and human lung immunology, we will gain a deeper understanding of what is needed for a protective response to this respiratory virus. However, we propose that the establishment of systemic immune memory will prevent In the case of severe systemic COVID-19, reinfection may be limited to mild or asymptomatic upper respiratory tract infections, “the researchers wrote.
They also suggested that B cell research can be used for vaccine research. “Since we have shown that the number of SARS-CoV-2-specific cells (memory B cells) stabilizes over time, we propose that these (memory B cells) may represent a marker of a long-acting humoral immune response which is more potent than serum antibodies. Therefore, cellular measurement of immune response may be a more reliable marker for maintaining immunity after natural infection or vaccination. “
As more time passes, researchers will continue to measure the immune response of COVID-19 patients who become infected early in the disease. Immunity may be longer than the 8-month protection period recorded in the Monash University study. Since the virus is still so new, it is too early to judge.
Furthermore, Moncef Slaoui, head of Operation Warp Speed, said in an interview a few days ago that infection prevention “can last for a short period of time, and it can last 3, 4 or 6 months.” But he added: “Disease prevention, in my humble opinion as an expert, can last a year or two or three years.” This means that people may still be infected with the new coronavirus, but they will not have severe COVID-19 in most cases.
