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Original title: It’s called “Nine Chapters”, which is 10 billion times faster than today’s fastest computer.
200 seconds is only a brief moment, 600 million years are already vicissitudes of life. On December 4, the China University of Science and Technology announced that the school’s Pan Jianwei and others had successfully built a “Nine Chapters” 76-photon quantum computing prototype. It only takes 200 seconds to solve the Bose Gaussian mathematical sampling algorithm, and the fastest super in the world.computerIt takes 600 million years. This advance made China the second country in the world to achieve “quantum superiority.”
“Quantum superiority is like a threshold, which means that when a new prototype of quantum computing, the computing power of a certain problem exceeds the strongest step.StatisticsComputers show that there are many possibilities to overcome in the future. “University of Science and Technology of ChinaprofessorLu Chaoyang said that over the years, the international academic community has paid great attention and is looking forward to this decisive milestone.
In September of last year, Googlethe companyHe entered 53 quantaLittle bitThe “Platanus” computer can calculate a mathematical algorithm in just 200 seconds, while the fastest in the worldsupercomputerIt took 2 days for the “peak” to reach “quantum superiority”.
Recently, Pan JianweiteamWith the Shanghai Institute of Microsystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, NationalParallel computingmachineEngineering technologyThe research center cooperated and successfully built the “Nine Chapters” of 76 prototypes of photon quantum computing.
Experiments show that when solving the Gaussian Bose sampling of 50 million samples, “Nine Chapters” takes 200 seconds, while the world’s fastest supercomputer “Fuyue” takes 600 million years. Equivalently, the calculation speed of “Nine Chapters” is 10 billion times faster than that of “Platanus”, and compensates for the technical gaps of “Platanus” depending on the number of samples.
It is reported that the advancement of Pan Jianwei team has passed for 20 years.qualityThe three main technical problems of the photon source, high-precision phase lock and large-scale interference.
“For example, it is easy for us to drink one sip of water at a time, but it is very difficult to drink one molecule of water at a time,” said Pan Jianwei, the source of photons.WarrantyOnly one photon is emitted at a time, and each photon is exactly the same, which is quite a challenge. At the same time, the precision of the phase lock must be within the minus ninth power of 10, and the transmission error equivalent to a distance of 100 kilometers cannot exceed the diameter of a hair.
Compared to general purpose computers, the “nine chapters” are just “individual champions.” But its computing superpower, in graph theory,Machine learningQuantum chemistry and other fields have potential application value.
On December 4, the international academic journal “Science” published the result, and reviewers rated it as “a more advanced experiment” and “an important achievement.” According to the Xinhua News Agency
Puzzle
Why are quantum computers so fast?
Convert a computer into tens of millions and solve arithmetic problems at the same time
Why are quantum computers so awesome? In the final analysis, the principles and paths used by quantum computers and traditional computers are completely different.
In the arithmetic unit of the existing traditional electronic computer, a bit has only one specific state at a specific time, which is 0 or 1. Quantum computers take advantage of the unique “superposition state” of quantum and adopt the method of parallel computing .objectivesSpeed can be increased by an order of magnitude.
There is a Chinese fable called “Yang Zi cried when he saw the wrong way”. Yang Zhu heard that a sheep had gotten lost at the fork in the road and he didn’t know which way to find it, so sad that he cried. The traditional computer solves a problem in this way: it can only go one way first and then another, it is impossible to go both directions together.
Quantum computers are different, they can do parallel computing, just like the Monkey King conjures up many little Monkey Kings to take different paths. This equates to a computer turning into tens of millions of calculators at once as it begins to solve arithmetic problems.
From an electronic computer to a quantum computer, human computing power and processingBig dataThere will be thousands or even hundreds of millions of updates.
What is the use of quantum computers?
All codes are cracked and can be used to crack genes and weather
It can be used to analyze the password first. Let’s take the most commonly used RSA public key cryptography algorithm as an example. Its mechanism is to use the characteristic that the factors are difficult to decompose in a short time. In theory, algorithms based on quantum computers can easily decompose factors.
Furthermore, quantum computers are also expected to be high at calculating complex problems like designing new materials, weather forecasting, and earthquake prediction. “Let’s take the weather forecast as an example. As long as you write an equation for all the molecules on earth based on the basic laws of physics, a quantum computer can calculate wind, frost, rain, and snow at a given location. “.
Quantum computers can trace the composition of trillions of molecules and quickly identify effective combinations between them, reducing drug development.costAnd cycle, and can also coordinate aircraft and ground routestraffic。
Furthermore, quantum computers can also be used first in the military, aerospace and atmospheric fields. Once the difficult problems in a specific field have been solved, it is then through inductive analysis to know the rules to verify their effectiveness, on this basis, to improve efficiency, and finally spread to other civil fields.
Quantum computers will have a significant impact on health, ecology and the environment, and can solve all problems related to life systems. For example, designing new proteins to fight disease, solve plastic pollution, etc., to deal with many centuries of problems. Experts predict that quantum computing +artificial intelligence+ Genetic science, the combined force of science and technology formed by this trinitysocietyThe impact of the family and the entire society will be unprecedented.
Where are the “nine chapters”?
Prone to errors and crashes, equivalent to the “era of electronic tubes”
The international general view believes that the development of quantum computers will have three stages:
In the first stage, a dedicated quantum computer with 50 to 100 qubits will be developed to achieve a breakthrough in “quantum superiority”.
The second stage consists of developing a quantum capable of manipulating hundreds of qubits.simulationIt can solve some problems that are incapable of supercomputers and have great practical value, such as quantum chemistry, new material design, and optimization algorithms.
The third stage is to greatly improve the manipulation precision, the amount of integration, and the fault tolerance of qubits, and to develop programmable general-purpose quantum computing prototypes.
Today, the “Nine Chapters” are still in the early stage, but they have potential applications in the fields of graph theory, machine learning, and quantum chemistry. This newly developed quantum computing prototype takes up almost half the lab and contains thousands of components.
Real quantum computers haven’t been around for a long time, “because several fundamental problems haven’t been solved.” Scientist Han Zhengfu said, first, that the fidelity of current quantum computer chips is not enough, the error rate is still relatively high, and has not reached the theoretical level. Claim: Qubits must be in an environment close to absolute zero.jobsThis requires huge and special equipment for maintenance.
Looking back at the first ENIAC computer in 1946, it used 18,000 electron tubes, it was a kind of vacuum electron flying in it.Cuptube. ENIAC weighs 30 tons and only counts 5000 times per second. It must be said that quantum computers have just entered their “age of electronic tubes.” Pan Jianwei expressed the hope that through 15 to 20 years of hard work, a universal quantum computer can be developed.
(Source: Chongqing Morning News)
(Responsible editor: DF537)
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