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The “clean to zero” of poor counties takes great credit for eliminating poverty and a return to poverty is still on the way
Song Fu Li
Clear!
Recently, Guizhou Province announced that the remaining 9 uncovered Ziyun County, Nayong County, Weining County, Hezhang County, Yanhe County, Rongjiang County, Congjiang County, County Qinglong and Wangmo County are all out of the sequence of poverty-stricken counties.
The elimination of all poverty-affected counties in Guizhou province also means that the 832 poverty-affected counties in the country identified by the State Council’s Office of Poverty Alleviation have been lifted out of poverty. The poverty alleviation goal has been met. Many outlets use the popular vocabulary of “cleaning” in 2020 to describe this important historical node.
The trade-off is not conceptually biased, but it’s easy to create an illusion. The problem of eradicating poverty appears to have been accomplished. This is obviously a misunderstanding and we must re-identify it.
Liu Yongfu, director of the State Council’s Office of Poverty Alleviation, specifically emphasized this year that China’s poverty alleviation standards are comprehensive standards that include “one income, two carefree, and three guarantees.”
Among them, “one” is income. The national income standard is the constant price in 2010; the annual per capita income of farmers is 2,300 yuan. According to the price index, the current price was 3,218 yuan at the end of last year, and this year it was about 4,000 yuan. “Second” is not worrying about food and clothing, which has been achieved so far. “Three” means “three guarantees”, which summarizes that compulsory education is guaranteed, basic medical care is guaranteed and the safety of the home is guaranteed. At present, all organized villages in China have village clinics and doctors, which can ensure that the poor have a place to see a doctor and get sick. The three systems of basic health insurance, critical illness insurance and medical assistance also guarantee basic medical care for the poor. The housing security of more than 8 million poor households has also been resolved in recent years.
It can be said that “one, two, three” is the overall goal of China’s poverty alleviation in recent years. The three-year poverty alleviation battle is an unprecedented mobilization and total investment by the country to eliminate absolute poverty.
The essence of this is not just helping the poor get rid of poverty, because the three guarantees focus on solving the deficiencies of public services in some poor areas and fundamentally changing the basic environment that “causes poverty”.
For example, poverty caused by disease and return to poverty due to disease remain one of the main causes of poverty, and it is also a difficult point in specific poverty alleviation. For seriously ill patients from poor families, it is no longer effective to use industry to help the poor, and a solution needs to be found in the existing social security system.
Therefore, the elimination of the hats in the 832 impoverished counties of China is, of course, a great achievement. These impoverished counties are located in 14 contiguous poverty-stricken areas of China and have been the bottleneck of China’s development for a long time, even for thousands of years. In the past 40 years of reform and opening-up, the gap between some places and developed regions has become a world away, and they have fallen into a vicious cycle of helping the poorest.
The powerful national poverty alleviation action is to block this cycle and bring the gradually lagging regions back to the train of China’s overall development, balance the basic environment, and then resonate and develop in coordination with the national economic development.
In this way, eliminating poor counties from a macro perspective does not mean that there will be no more poor people in the microenvironment. Furthermore, even if the poor by current standards have completed data poverty alleviation, most of them remain low-income groups. First of all, they have a high probability of returning to poverty. Second, they still need to help them improve their situation and get rich together.
In fact, there have been random inspections, censuses, and assessments of these poor, hat-breaking counties, and the problems found in them are still being ironed out. Inspections for deficiencies will be standardized in the next period. In this regard, Xia Gengsheng, deputy director of the Poverty Alleviation Office of the State Council, vividly explained this problem. He said that the counties that doffed their hats were all deeply impoverished areas and relatively weak in many respects.
That is, after winning the battle against poverty, various welfare policies must move from the battle to normalization and, in accordance with the principle of making up for what is lacking, pay more attention to categorized policies and make up for deficiencies. The impoverished counties after taking off their hats are expected to keep up with the big team and get rich together.
Eradication of poverty is an eternal challenge for humanity. The regional development imbalance in China will continue to exist and individual poverty will have many causes and effects, and it is difficult to predict. In this sense, the “eradication of poverty” will always be on the way.
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