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Original title: What changes have occurred in the Antarctic ice sheet and how do penguins live? Remote sensing tells you Source: Xinhuanet
How has the Antarctic ice sheet changed? How do penguins live? What about food production and supply? Does the city keep expanding? These interesting questions are answered in the “2020 Annual Report on Remote Sensing Monitoring of the Global Ecological Environment” organized and published by the Ministry of Science and Technology on November 27.According to the general deployment of the Ministry of Science and Technology, the National Remote Sensing Center has combined many units to use the observation data from domestic and foreign satellites, including oceans, high scores, resources, meteorology, environment and polar regions to Complete the 2020 annual report compilation.
This annual report focuses on the three themes of “Changes in the Antarctic Ice Sheet”, “Global Production of Bulk Grains and Oil Crops and Food Security Situation” and “Global Urban Expansion and Changes in Land Cover” .
The Antarctic ice sheet is melting significantly and penguin habitat is stable
Why is it important to monitor the Antarctic ice sheet? Because it is the largest source of cold in Earth’s climate system, it has an important indicator of global climate change.
Based on the monitoring of remote sensing data from multiple sources, the surface of the Antarctic ice sheet has melted significantly since this century, and the area of melting represents 19% of the total area of the ice sheet of the Antarctica. In the future, the melting of the Antarctic ice sheet will continue to increase, especially in West Antarctica and the Antarctic Peninsula, where the impact on sea level rise will be significant. Furthermore, the acceleration of the melting of the ice sheet surface, the intensification of the melting of the bottom of the ice shelf, and the decrease in sea ice have led to a significant increase in the disintegration of the Antarctic ice shelf.
Penguins are considered an indicator species in the Antarctic ecosystem. Through monitoring of emperor penguins in the three phases of 2000, 2014 and 2018, it is found that the habitat of emperor penguins is mainly distributed in the fixed ice of Antarctica, and the number of habitats is relatively stable. Compared to the tall emperor penguin, the Adelie penguin, which is only half its height and body size, is more common in Antarctica. Due to increased sea ice and food, the number of Adelie penguins on Enkesburg Island in the Ross Sea area has increased significantly. Habitats show a tendency to expand to high altitude areas.
Production and supply of bulk cereals and oil crops are generally good
Affected by the new corona pneumonia epidemic and natural disasters, is global food security guaranteed?
According to the monitoring results, the general situation of the production of bulk cereals and oil crops from 2019 to 2020 is good, but regional extreme climates and agricultural disasters will occur frequently in 2020, which will have a certain impact on production. world of cereals and oil. World corn and wheat production is expected to increase in 2020, and soybean and rice production will remain basically the same. In 2020, China’s corn, wheat and soybean production is expected to increase year over year. Due to improving agrometeorological conditions since August, the rice production situation has greatly eased and China’s total grain and oil crop production is expected to increase year-on-year.
From the perspective of the market supply situation, the global supply of bulk cereals and oil crops is good from 2019 to 2020, and the supply from major exporting countries is increasing. The global food market is expected to remain generally stable. However, the global epidemic of the new crown has affected the food supply chain and regional food security is uncertain.
The city is still expanding and the green area is increasing
Since the beginning of this century, global cities have continued to expand. Are the cities in which humanity lives continue to grow?
According to the monitoring, the average global urban expansion rate has increased to 17,500 square kilometers per year in the last ten years. Asia and North America are key areas for global urban expansion. Compared with low-income countries, the growth rate of urban land area in high-income countries is significantly higher than the growth rate of urban population and has a higher coefficient of growth elasticity of urban land. high.
From the perspective of the composition of urban land cover, the proportion of the global urban impervious surface has decreased from 64.02% to 60%, and the proportion of urban green spaces has increased from 27.36% to 33, 01%. High-income countries with abundant land resources have a higher allocation of urban green spaces, and some low-income countries have insufficient urban green infrastructure construction, and there are considerable challenges in achieving sustainable urban development goals.
The compilation of the “Annual Global Ecological Environment Remote Sensing Monitoring Report” will continue to be carried out for a long time. This work fully demonstrates the positive attitude and unique contribution of China’s remote sensing technology community in serving human society, tackling global climate change, and solving global ecological and environmental problems.
