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Original title: After 8 years, delayed retirement is coming! Expert: It is recommended to start with women and extend from 50 to 55 years.
Wang Hongru, reporter for “China Economic Weekly” | Beijing report
After 8 years of “research,” delaying retirement is really coming this time.
Recently, the Xinhua News Agency authorized the publication of the “Recommendations of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on the formulation of the Fourteenth Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development and the Long-Term Goals for 2035” (hereinafter, the “Recommendations”), which noted that “the implementation of progressive retirement age delays.”
The word “implementation” means that delayed retirement will become a reality from the previous research level.
From “research” to “implementation”, after 8 years
In the current retirement system in China, the retirement ages of men and women are different. Men must be at least 60 years old, female civil servants must be at least 55 years old and female workers must be at least 50 years old. Men who engage in underground, hot, high-altitude work, especially heavy manual work or other work harmful to their health, will retire at 55.
This retirement age framework began with the “Regulations of the People’s Republic of China on Labor Insurance” promulgated on February 23, 1951, when the average life expectancy in China was less than 50 years. In 1978, the Council of State issued the “Provisional measures of the Council of State on the placement of cadres of the elderly, infirm, sick and disabled” and the “Provisional measures of the Council of State on retirement and retirement of workers.”
The reason for delaying retirement has its origin in the growing aging situation of our country. According to data published by the National Statistics Office, at the end of 2019, there were 253.88 million people aged 60 and over in the country, representing 18.1% of the total population. Among them, 176.03 million people aged 65 and over, representing 12.6% of the total population.
Compared to the end of 2018, the number of older people increased by approximately 4.39 million. At the end of 2018, China had a population of 249.49 million people aged 60 and over, representing 17.9% of the total population, of which 166.65 million people aged 65 years and over, representing 11.9% of the total population.
It is true that with the extension of human life, the aging of the population of our country will intensify even more in the future. In response to the challenges of aging, delaying retirement has been placed on the agenda.
Already in June 2012, the “Outline of the Twelfth Five-Year Social Security Plan” formulated by the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, the National Development and Reform Commission and other departments proposed “study on the policy of flexible delay in age retirement “. At the same time, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Welfare raised the idea of ”walking slowly in small steps” and planned to adopt differentiated strategies for the demands of different groups.
In November 2013, the Third Plenary Session of the XVIII Central Committee proposed once again “to study and formulate a gradual delay in the retirement age policy.”
During the Two National Days of 2015, the head of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Welfare stated that they will endeavor to complete the formulation of the plan in 2015. The 2016 annual report will be approved by the central government to request the opinion of the public.
In July 2016, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Welfare stated that the plan has already been finalized, and that that year it will obtain and request the opinion of society, take small steps and advance gradually. And after the plan is presented, opinions will be sought in its entirety and will be formally implemented in 2022 after a transition period of five years.
However, the deferred retirement plan that year did not solicit opinions from the society, nor was it officially launched in 2017. Therefore, there is constant speculation about whether and when the deferred retirement plan will be launched in the future.
“The main reason the delayed retirement plan wasn’t launched at that time was that there was too much resistance from all sides. In particular, people didn’t understand delayed retirement and there was some resistance.” Yang Lixiong, deputy director of the China Social Security Research Center at Renmin University of China, accepted the “China Reporter from” Economic Weekly, “said in an interview.
On August 27 of this year, when the official website of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security released a response to a letter from netizens about the postponement of the retirement policy, it also stated that it “seriously studied the policies and relevant measures “.
Now with the release of the “Recommendations”, the “research” has become “implementation” After 8 years, the delay of retirement has really come this time.
Yang Lixiong wrote many articles about delayed retirement 10 years ago. After the publication of the article, it also attracted many “curses”. He understood this: “At that time, many people were a bit resistant to delayed retirement. However, the current environment of public opinion has changed a lot and has been very different from before. Especially with the acceleration of aging and the decline in the birth rate, everyone’s understanding of deferred retirement is much more tolerant and capable than before. Accepted. “
Will it be the group of high-knowledge women that will take the lead in implementation, from independent selection to unified arrangement?
In fact, already 5 years ago, deferred retirement had been implemented for female cadres and female groups in Kochi.
On February 16, 2015, the Organization Department of the Central Committee and the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security jointly issued a notice stating that women cadres of the main and deputy levels in party and government agencies, organizations and popular institutions, as well as professional and technical female personnel with higher degrees, will be Retiring at age 60. The notice indicated that the postponement of the retirement age of female virgin cadres is to give full performance to the role of female leaders and professional and technical female staff.
While the notice has been issued, the delay in retirement has some degree of flexibility in advance, and it has not been implemented in all virgin cadres and high-level girl groups.
Zhang Lan (pseudonym) is an associate professor at a Beijing university, born in August 1965. She complies with the policy that virgin cadres and Kochi women can postpone their retirement, but still chooses to retire “at the end.”
“If I postpone retirement, the school asked my opinion. Personally I hope I have enough time to do what I want to do, so I chose to retire” in a moment. “Although the salary after retirement is half that when I go to work , there is time to travel and enjoy life, more free and easy. ” Zhang Lan is very satisfied with the current retirement life.
With the further advancement of the deferred retirement system, it is unclear whether virgin cadres and high-tech groups that have reached the retirement age of 55, like Zhang Lan, can voluntarily elect again.
Yang Lixiong told the China Economic Weekly reporter that for the virgin female cadres and the high-knowledge group, the relevant units currently adopt a voluntary principle. “However, if a gradual delay in retirement is implemented in the future, specific policies will be introduced. The possibility of an independent group election is relatively small and is more likely to be implemented uniformly in accordance with system regulations. .
Can women delay retirement at a faster rate?
At present, all countries have adopted a very cautious attitude towards the policy of raising the retirement age, one of the main measures is to move slowly in small steps, make the transition gradually, and move forward gradually. For example, Germany passed a law in 2006 to gradually extend the retirement age to 67 years from 2012 to 2029. The method adopted is to extend the retirement age by one month for the first 12 years and two months for the next six years.
Our country is no exception. As early as February 2016, when then-Minister of Human Resources and Social Affairs Yin Weimin introduced the formulation of a policy of gradually delaying the retirement age, he said that he should take small steps and gradually move forward. It is delayed a few months a year, after a considerable period of time before reaching the legal retirement age.
In July of the same year, when Li Zhong, a spokesman for the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, presented the deferred retirement policy, he also stated that deferred retirement will be implemented in three steps: one is to implement small steps slowly and gradually, and the other is to treat them differently. Step-by-step implementation; third, timely announcements will be made earlier, and opinions will be widely heard and solicited before the plan is published.
Whether they are “small steps” or “small steps”, it is the same as the “progressive” deferred retirement proposed in the “Proposal”, and both belong to a flexible deferred retirement system. But how’s the “progressive” going?
There are mainly two schemes discussed in the industry. The first is to first unify the retirement age of men and women to 60, unify the two retirement ages for women into one and then extend the retirement ages of men and women at the same time; the other is to extend the retirement ages of men and women separately, and women extend the rate faster than men, and finally unify the Retirement Age for men and women.
Yang Lixiong agreed with the first plan, told the China Economic Weekly reporter that some women are retiring in their 50s and it is too early, the most urgent thing is to unify the retirement age of men and women. “In the first step, women can unify up to 55 years and, once unified, they can extend step by step until 60 years; men begin to extend after women unify at 55 years. When the age Retirement rates for women are delayed at 60, men should delay When they reach 62 and 63, they will be delayed together until 65. If ‘small steps and gradual progress’ are maintained, women can be faster and slower men. “
(Edit: Wen Jing)
