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Original title: Behind the skyscrapers, what “invisible foundations” have supported the development and opening of Pudong for 30 years?
In the 30 years of development in Pudong, what are the deep-seated forces that have promoted rapid economic growth and dramatic changes in the urban landscape?
On October 16, Zhao Qizheng, former director of the State Council Information Office and first director of the Shanghai Pudong New Area Management Committee, said in a keynote speech: “It is not only necessary to observe the results GDP, housing area, photos and other data and form display, but also pay attention to thinking. Smooth results in the depths are the thoughts, methods and experiences that faced difficulties in the first test. ”This theme runs through his entire speech.
A concrete manifestation of Pudong’s “hard results”, Pudong has made steady progress over the past 30 years. Video Source: Surging Beauty Class
For the past 30 years, those thoughts, methods and experiences that are difficult to quantify have brought to the development of Pudong and to every common person living in Pudong today, what impact can be seen and felt with the naked eye? How did the invisible base of those “red berries” change Pudong?
Functional planning first, laying an invisible foundation for high-rise buildings
The construction of a new urban area must concentrate the wisdom of all parties and make a long-term plan. Therefore, Pudong Development has proposed to “lead the planning” from the beginning. If the secretary, mayor and principal cannot change, the planning will change. There must be a procedural limit … What we call advance planning must also be “functional planning The front and morphological planning are left behind.”
—— Zhao Qizheng “30 years in Pudong⑮ | Zhao Qizheng: In the early days of Pudong’s development, why did I refuse such companies to invest in factories?》
The original idea of developing Pudong dates back to 1984.
In public information, from 1984 to 1991, no specific drawings of the territorial plan of Pudong could be found.
According to Wang Ande, former director of the Policy Research Bureau of the Pudong Development Bureau, in the initial planning process of Pudong, a large amount of general and policy research has been conducted, and the positioning of the new district and the superstructure design have become the highlight.
In 1992, the “Pudong New Area Master Plan” and its planning maps came out with the approval of the State Council, and “functional plans” were determined for five regions.
Looking back at the plan from 1992 to 2020, the actual urban construction area of Pudong today far exceeds the plan planning area at that time. Current development beyond expectations is based on advanced functional planning at that time.
Zhao Qizheng said in an interview that the main point of Pudong’s functional planning is that it can carry out comprehensive communication about the international economy. The functions of the originally designed functional areas are complementary to each other and, finally, the services must be developed as required by the central government. The advantage of planning from such a high level is that you will not fall into the impotence of a “pancake” development.
30 years have passed,LujiazuiIt has become one of the symbols of Shanghai and one of the main financial regions of Shanghai and even all of China.
However, some functional divisions have also been adjusted. For example, Jinqiao, which was planned as an export processing zone, has become one of the advanced manufacturing bases in Shanghai and even the country.
In addition to the “functional plan,” the 1992 plan also envisaged Pudong in 2020 ahead of schedule in other respects. However, the rapid pace of technological development eventually exceeded the imagination of the time.
For example, an indicator was given for the construction of the “Information Port” in the Pudong New Area that year: “The penetration rate of telephones in the new area will increase from 38.52 per 100 people in 2000 to 56.25 per 100 people in 2020 “. It is close to a man, and it is out of date to use the “telephone penetration rate” to measure the development of information technology.
Global thinking lays an invisible foundation for industrial development
Although the concept of “globalization” was not popular in 1990, we felt it was a trend. Therefore, we said that in order to think about the development of Pudong in the world, we should not only eat fish from the Huangpu River, but alsoThe Pacific OceanFish.
—— “Pudong and Shenzhen Joint Innovation Seminar by Zhao Qizheng |” Soft Achievement “Speech by Pudong Development
At the beginning of the Pudong development plan, a “globalization” strategy was determined.
An obvious manifestation of the continued absorption of funds and technologies from around the world is the increasing introduction of foreign capital.
From 1990 to 2018, the contract share for foreign investment in a single Pudong district exceeded a third of Shanghai’s in 16 years, especially in 2015, when its share reached 74.7%.
According to the survey and statistics of Henan University professor Li Xiaojian, from 1990 to the end of May 1998, the amount of contract foreign investment introduced by Pudong increased 96 times (the national increase was only 10 times during the same period). period). At that time, 71 of the world’s top 500 multinational companies invested in more than 210 projects in Pudong.
What did these multinational companies bring to Pudong at the beginning of its development?
Li Xiaojian believes that, in addition to economic growth, the landing of multinational companies in Pudong brings the greatest benefits.
Promotes the adjustment of the industrial structure.
In 1990, Pudong’s secondary industry accounted for 76% of the new district’s GDP and tertiary industry for only 20%. In 1997, tertiary industry accounted for 37.8% of total foreign investment in tertiary industry.
In terms of foreign trade, because multinational companies placed Pudong in the internationalization of production and the international division of labor, from 1993 to 1996, Pudong’s total imports and exports increased by 48.97% annually and the Total value of exports increased by 53.87% annually.
Multinational companies not only brought advanced technology at that time, but also diversified the technology through the industrial chain. In a survey conducted by Li Xiaojian of 67 multinational companies in Pudong in October 1997, 55% of companies completed localization to varying degrees and 12 completed localization of the basic components of the product, which in turn stimulated the domestic suppliers of parts for these foreign companies. Technical level.
Over the past 20 years, data from Tianyan Check shows that there are now 5,368 foreign companies registered in Pudong.
Among them, more than a fifth of the companies have been in Pudong for more than 15 years.
With regard to Pudong, what research results have the “ideological foundations” laid?
I once told Mr. Fei Xiaotong that the industrialization and modernization of the Pudong Highway requires sociology. He asked me what kind of help I needed, and I asked him to start a topic “Peasant problems in the development of Pudong”, and he happily accepted … He later recalled that “Pudong calls sociology” touched him.
—— Zhao Qizheng, “The” Soft Achievements “of Pudong Development”
Zhao Qizheng mentioned in his speech that when Fei Xiaotong visited Pudong in 1995, he proposed that “Pudong calls for sociology” and hoped that Fei Xiaotong would support Pudong’s development with academic strength from a sociological perspective. Times have changed, in the last 30 years, what are the most representative results of Pudong’s study in the field of social sciences? Perhaps we can see some conclusions of the work obtained from the project of the social sciences fund.
At CNKI, there are 13,400 articles with “Pudong” in the title. So how do scholars pay attention to the development and openness of Pudong?
In the field of social sciences, in addition to economic and financial concerns, the focus is public policy research. The high frequency of words such as “transformation of the government role”, “city management community” and “supportive comprehensive reform” echoes the “planning first” of Pudong development The design of “floating rural population “,” farmer residentialization “,” registered population “,” migrant population “,” foreign personnel “and” high-level talents “and other vocabulary related to population, urban development and population The problems are interrelated, which reflects the implementation of this reform from the top down.
In the field of natural sciences, the number of articles related to architectural design, aerospace, etc. It is the largest, which is closely related to the rapid construction of the Pudong New Area infrastructure and the drastic changes in the urban landscape; from keywords, you can also see “quality of life” concerns, such as “maternal and child health”, “quality of life”, “community health service center”, “contaminated site”.
Besides taking care of reality and guiding these academic studies, with the implementation and advanced development of the Pudong Plan, these academic studies can also serve as theoretical results of the “Pudong Model” and play a role in the distant future.
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Editor in Charge: Zhang Mei
