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Turn salt marshes into alkaline saline soil into good soil
Successful 6 ‰ Trial Planting of Salt Tolerant “Marine Rice” on China’s Northernmost Coast
Guangming Daily reporter Liu Yong, Guangming Daily correspondent Zhou Shuang
Recently, the news that academic Yuan Longping and his research team “the double-season super rice production trial broke the world record” excited people. On November 4, in Panjin, Liaoning, North China, another piece of good news came: Academician Yuan Longping and his research Team of 6 Achieved Saline-Alkali Tolerant Rice Selection Planting Has Achieved Initial Success , with an average yield of more than 300 kilograms per mu, which means that “marine rice” has preliminary importance and value for promotion in the vast saline-alkaline land in northern China.
“This was just harvested this fall. It has been planted for decades, and it is the first time that salt water has been used to irrigate it.” Yang Junchong, 64, is a plumber in the experimental field. He has been busy for a whole year, and Yang Junchong is still full of enthusiasm. “Ordinary rice has been dead for a long time, but this new variety has nothing to do with it.” Yang Junchong gently stroked the golden rice grains in the glassware with his hand, as if they were golden beans. On November 3, at the Panjin Experiment Station of the Saline and Alkali Tolerant National Rice Innovation Center in the Panjin High-Tech Industrial Development Zone, the reporter saw the legendary “marine rice.” “Marine rice”, the scientific name for salt alkali tolerant rice, refers to rice that can grow in alkaline-saline soil with some salt (alkalinity). It has great adaptability, not only resistance to salt and alkalis, but also to wind, waterlogging and pests.
Panjin, Liaoning, is located between 40 and 42 degrees north latitude, on the northernmost coast of China, at the mouth of the Liao River, and has a large area of saline and alkaline land resources. Selection and experimentation of the high salt and alkali variety “marine rice” will explore a new way of growing and utilizing rice in high salinity lands in Northeast China. In 2019, the team of Academician Yuan Longping and the National Center for Hybrid Rice Engineering Technology established the “National Salt and Alkali Tolerant Rice Experimental Demonstration Base”. The “Yuan Longping North Alkaline and Saline Tolerant Rice Academic Rice Experiment Station”, named after Yuan Longping himself, was established in Panjin, the northernmost coast of China. This land of retirement has a new historic mission.
Yang Junchong said that although Panjin also grows rice in saline and alkaline land, most of the planting areas have been improved, and the salt content in water and soil is less than 1 ‰, and ordinary rice seeds do not they can grow in water and soils with high salt content. The experimental base selected 209 salt-tolerant rice varieties, 100 high-quality rice varieties, and 12 high-quality local rice varieties for breeding.
The experimental field was selected to be located on 130 acres of land at the mouth of the Liaohe River, but the seawater introduced under natural conditions is still not sufficient for the cultivation of 6 ‰ salt tolerant rice. The test station introduced smart equipment and drilled a deep well with a salt content of 22.4 ‰ near the test field. Make sure the concentration of the salt water after dilution reaches 6 ‰ before irrigation to ensure successful selection and breeding experiments.
This year is the first year of improvement. After unremitting efforts, more than 30 high-quality and salt-tolerant rice varieties have been initially selected, of which 6 are the 6 ‰ salt-tolerant rice varieties with the most difficult scientific research. Zhang Qian, president of the Liaoning Zhongju Ecological Agricultural Technology Development Company, who cooperated with the academic Yuan Longping’s team, said that the salt-tolerant rice is similar to ordinary rice in appearance, and the amount of grains in the panicle is smaller than that of common rice; in terms of taste, salt tolerance Rice made from alkaline rice is rich in aroma, firm and chewy.
“Crabs are raised here too,” Zhang Qian said. This year’s rice-crab combination experiment in saltwater has produced gratifying results. Not only is the “marine rice” growing vigorously, but the taste of the crab is more delicious than that of ordinary rice field crabs, greatly increasing the added value of high-salt rice production per mu . In the future, planting promotion can realize the benefits of “crab” in the current season and the benefits of “rice” that year. This is a new crop from the experimental planting of “marine rice” in Panjin.
Zhang Qian calculated an account for the reporter: This year, the rice field irrigated with 6 ‰ of salt water produced 400 kg of rice per mu and 25 kg of cultivated crab. The income from these two items can only reach about 2,200 yuan. The salt content of salinity tolerant rice straw is very high. The Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural Sciences has conducted laboratory analysis on more than 30 indicators of rice straw and found that straw containing salt is stronger than high-quality forage grass and is a good green food additive. Compared with ordinary agricultural land, the application amount of salt-tolerant rice is reduced by 60%, the pesticide residue in rice is significantly less than that of ordinary rice, and the quality of rice has been significantly improved.
“Turning the marshes into fertile fields, the saline-alkaline soils have the fragrance of rice flowers,” is an oath sworn by academic Yuan Longping and his team. “Next year we will carry out more experiments with 8 8 rice seeds irrigated with salt water,” said Peng Yulin, an expert on Academician Yuan Longping’s team and deputy director of the scientific research department at the National Center for Hybrid Rice. “The marine rice will be selected first in the subsequent promotion. Within the Xinxing Township of Dawa District, Panjin, it will gradually radiate to other Panjin and surrounding areas.”
With the improvement of the soil and the advancement of planting technology, the yield of “marine rice” will increase year after year, and the saline soil, which was previously worthless, will become the popular “sweet rice”. Academician Yuan Longping said: “China has 1.5 billion acres of arid saline-alkaline land, of which 200 million acres have the potential to grow rice. After successful planting and trial popularization, the production value of 200 at 300 kilograms per mu it can increase grain production by 50 billion kilograms, which is about 200 million people. “
“Guangming Daily” (Issue 09 of November 05, 2020)
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责编：李伯玺 ]
