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Original title: Take the land for agriculture
In recent years, Kongxiang Immigration Village, Jishui County, Jiangxi Province, has explored a green path of rural revitalization that integrates modern agriculture and rural tourism. Photo by Liao Min (Vision of Chinese classics)At the press conference of the Information Office of the State Council on September 24, Han Jun, Deputy Minister of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, presented the “Views on adjusting and improving the use of land transfer income and the support for rural revitalization “recently issued by the Central Office and the State Council. The “Opinions” proposed that by the end of the “XIV Five-Year Plan” period, the proportion of land transfers used in agriculture and rural areas will exceed 50%. Han Jun said that in recent years, the nation’s annual land transfer income has reached six to seven trillion yuan. Each one percentage point increase in the share of land transfer income for agriculture and rural areas is equivalent to an increase of 60 to 70 billion yuan in investment in agriculture, rural areas and farmers. .
On September 24, at a press conference of the Information Office of the State Council, Vice Minister of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Han Jun declared that China will adjust the pattern of distribution of income from land transfers in the areas urban and rural areas, it will steadily increase the share of land transfer income used in agriculture and rural areas, and focus on supporting rural revitalization.
Why adjust the distribution of land rent
Han Jun said that the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy requires a large amount of investment, and it is necessary to expand the sources of funds and establish a strong long-term mechanism for the stable growth of investment in rural revitalization. This requires adjusting and improving the use of land transfer income and increasing the share of agricultural and rural investment.
Recently, the General Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the General Office of the State Council issued the “Rulings on Adjusting and Improving the Scope of Use of Land Transfer Revenue to Prioritize Rural Revitalization.” Steadily increasing the share of land transfer income used in agriculture and rural areas; By the end of the “XIV Five-Year Plan” period, taking into account the provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities), the proportion of income from land transfers that is used in agriculture and rural areas should reach more than 50%.
According to statistics, from 2013 to 2018, China’s land transfer income amounted to 28 trillion yuan. After deducting cost expenses, the income from land transfers was 5.4 trillion yuan, which represents 19.2% of the income from land transfers. Land transfer expenditures were used for agricultural and rural funds of 1.85 trillion yuan, accounting for only 34.4% of land transfer income and 6.6% of land transfer income. .
“In contrast, the proportion of land transfer income used for urban construction is much higher than that of rural areas.” Han Jun said that for a long time, the share of land transfer income used for agricultural and rural areas was low, leading to insufficient investment in agricultural and rural construction. One of the important reasons. To comprehensively promote rural revitalization, it is necessary to establish a long-term mechanism for the stable growth of financial investment.
In recent years, the country’s annual land transfer income has reached six to seven trillion yuan. Each increase in the share of land transfer income used for agriculture and rural areas is equivalent to an increase of 60 to 70 billion yuan in investment in agriculture, rural areas and farmers.
Han Jun said that this reform is of great importance. You can direct the flow of resource items to the field. It is an important adjustment of the pattern of urban and rural interests and an important institutional arrangement to build a new type of relationship between workers and farmers.
How to prevent “digital clutter”
To realize that at the end of the period of the “XIV Five-Year Plan”, the proportion of the income from the transfer of land used for agriculture and rural areas reached more than 50%, the “Opinions” proposed two plans. The first is to accrue on the basis of the share of land transfer income used for agricultural and rural funds that gradually reached more than 50%. If the accrual basis is less than 8% of the income from the land transfer, no less than 8% of the income from the land transfer will be withdrawn. Second, according to the share of funds used in agricultural and rural areas of the land transfer income that year, it will gradually reach more than 10%.
Han Jun said that both methods can be operated, and each has its own advantages and disadvantages. Land transfer income is income from land transfers after deducting compensation expenses for land acquisition and demolition, land development expenses and other cost expenses. However, it is difficult to uniformly stipulate the cost standard of land transfer costs. In some places, it is easy to reduce land transfer income by increasing cost expenditures, resulting in very little policy effect. Income from land transfers is paid directly to the local treasury. The amount of revenue is well documented and easy to operate and monitor, but it does not fully reflect the amount of funds available to the locality. To avoid “one size fits all”, the “Reviews” propose two selection options.
How to avoid “higher” land transfer costs, “lower” land transfer income and “digital accumulation” in some places? Wu Hongyao, director of the Central Rural Labor Leading Group Office Secretariat, said that when the accumulated amount is less than 8% of land transfer income, the amount will not be less than 8% of transfer income of land. In other words, no matter how the two methods are mentioned, the bottom line is that it cannot be less than 8% of the land transfer income.
Wu Hongyao stated that it is strictly forbidden to covertly reduce or exempt land transfer income to ensure that land transfer income is paid to the State Treasury in full and on time. At the same time, land cost expenditures will be strictly verified, and construction costs of infrastructure and public welfare projects that are not related to preliminary land development will not be included in the scope of cost accounting. .
It is reported that China will establish a national unified information platform on land transfer income and expenditure to track in real time.
Will local finances be tight?
Today, some local governments are relatively strict. Will increasing the share of land transfer income used in agriculture and rural areas have an impact on local tax revenues and expenditures? Han Jun said that increasing the share of land transfer income used in agriculture and rural areas can change the structure of local tax expenditures to some extent. Some measures have been taken to this end. The reforms will be implemented step by step starting next year, allowing the local reforms to be implemented in five years. , To meet the requirements established for the year 2025.
At the same time, local government debt risks will be strictly avoided. The “Rulings” propose that the proceeds from the transfer of purchased and stored land be allowed to continue to be used to repay the local government debt formed by the acquisition and storage of land through the state-owned land income fund, and that are calculated and approved as the cost of the land transfer. At the same time, the provincial government can continue to coordinate the proceeds from the land transfer to support the reimbursement of financial funds for relocation and poverty alleviation from the “13th Five-Year Plan” in accordance with current policies.
In addition, the “Opinions” proposed that funds used for farm and rural land transfer income be organized and used primarily by city and county governments, with a focus on the county level, giving the county government the initiative to use funds rationally.
Wu Hongyao said that in order to avoid spending fragmentation and improve the overall efficiency of the use of funds, localities can adhere to the real needs of rural revitalization, adhere to careful calculations, break the detailed allocation management method and decentralized use , and integrate land transfer income for agricultural and rural funds. It is mainly used for high-level farmland construction and farmland water conservancy construction.
At the same time, it is not possible to reduce the general public budget to support agriculture due to increased income from land transfers. This is contrary to the original intention of the reform, and we must continue to increase spending on all levels of finance for agriculture and rural areas through the original channels to avoid displacement.
Land transfer income is mainly concentrated in economically developed areas. For economically underdeveloped areas, the rural revitalization task is relatively heavy, but the income from land transfers is not enough. Will some areas be unable to spend funds and others are not enough? Happening? Han Jun said that the distribution of income from land transfers is very uneven. Economically developed regions, especially some large cities and central cities, have high land transfer prices; some economically underdeveloped regions have lower land prices, but the task of rejuvenating rural areas is heavy. . For this, the “Opinions” allow adequate coordination at the provincial level, and at the same time, the funds of the central government will also be inclined towards some regions.
