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From a flu-like illness to muscle and joint pain to complete loss of the sense of smell and taste: COVID-19 can manifest itself in different ways in people. The scientists classified the symptoms of the disease into 7 groups.
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Researchers at the Medical University of Vienna have found that certain symptoms of the disease often occur simultaneously, making it possible to systematize the forms of COVID-19 into a total of seven groups, writes Deutsche Welle.
The study authors tested the antibodies in humans ten weeks after they beat COVID-19 and surveyed 109 people to see what symptoms they had. The control group consisted of 98 healthy people. The results of the study are published in the European Journal of Allergy and Immunology.
“We could clearly distinguish the systemic manifestations of the disease from those specific to each organism,” Winfried Pickle, one of the study authors, told NTV.
Seven manifestations of the disease.
The first variant of COVID-19, according to scientists from Vienna, is characterized by symptoms characteristic of seasonal flu: fever, general fatigue, cough.
The second form is characterized by the presence of symptoms such as a runny nose, sneezing, nasal congestion, or a sore throat.
The third variant of COVID-19 is expressed only or mainly by pain in the muscles and joints, and the fourth variant, by a pronounced inflammation of the eyes or mucous membranes.
In the fifth group of symptoms are grouped the problems that affect the lungs, such as pneumonia or acute shortness of breath.
The sixth form of the disease mainly leads to problems in the gastrointestinal tract – a disorder, a feeling of heaviness in the abdominal area, which is sometimes accompanied by headaches.
The seventh form of manifestation of COVID-19 is characterized by the loss of the sense of smell and taste. Regarding the seventh group, the researchers also found that these symptoms mainly affect people with a “relatively young immune system.”
Effects on the immune system
It was also found that there are many common characteristics that characterize the long-term effects of COVID-19 on the human immune system. Scientists say that the Sars-CoV-2 virus leaves a kind of imprint on the blood and immune system of the person recovering from the illness. For example, the number of white blood cells that specialize in fighting pathogenic bacteria is significantly less than in people who have had COVID-19. However, they are still very active cells that store information about the disease, as well as those whose task is to destroy the areas attacked by viruses.
The higher the patient’s COVID-19 temperature, the greater the amount of antibodies produced by the body against the virus.
“This shows that many weeks after the initial infection, the immune system continues to process information about the disease,” says Pickle. These immune changes could likely help elucidate the late effects of COVID-19. Because even weeks after recovery, many patients continue to suffer from fatigue, neurological or cardiovascular discomfort. Even type 1 diabetes and parkinsonism can be caused by COVID-19, or at least benefit from them.
The researchers emphasized that their new results would help better understand the mechanisms of the disease and possibly contribute to the development of potential vaccines.
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