A gendarmerie saves the life of a guerrilla baby, he is not allowed to adopt it

The girl and the man meet 19 years later, in just 5 minutes.

This story, about the only partisan baby born in the Balkans in our country, I counted the pages of 24 hours in the fall of 2017. Now I return to it, since the main character of the story Rose of the Flower has a known day. Unfortunately, this year she celebrates her vacation for the first time without her husband Georgi, who died in June of this year. Due to the coronavirus, the woman will stay at her home in Sofia with her son Atanas, who lives with her.

I will only add that the story was told before the changes of November 10, 1989, but there is one detail: then they only reached the destination of the girl born in the mountain. They remained silent about the history of the gendarmerie Ivan, who wanted the adoptive son, who was orphaned after the death of his partisan parents, thus saving his life. Somehow it would not be acceptable to write about gendarmes who participated in actions against the guerrillas.

“There is nothing to forgive for the past, we will not return it, and each of us has experienced our Golgotha. It is important to look forward together.” This is what Rosa Musorlieva says before 24 hours. She is the only guerrilla baby born in the mountains in our country. Fate decided, on her first day in the white world, to remain a circular orphan, but to live, because she was intercepted by one of her parents’ dolls, a gendarmerie who participated in the criminal action against them.

The drama took place on July 14, 1944, on the Sredna Gora mountain, above the town of Asenovets, in the city of Nova Zagora. There, in the town of Borukluka, probably on the night of July 13 against July 14, a girl is born on a canvas. Her mother is the partisan Maria / Mara / Dimitrova, then 26 years old. The boy’s father, the partisan Marko Dimitrov from Asenovets, at the time, was 24 years old, at the time. Their bandmates left them there to give the baby they were expecting.

They also left an assistant: his 16-year-old compatriot Ivan Minchev, a high school student who had only been in the woods for a month and had no secret experience. That turned out to be fatal …

Marko was organized as a Ramsist in 1940, when a soldier went to the 12th Sliven Artillery Regiment, where he was sent to serve in Skopje, since at that time the administration in Macedonia was Bulgarian. The young man was smart and well read and was quickly promoted to a locksmith by regiment. He had access to weapons and ammunition. He easily contacted the Macedonian guerrillas, who secretly began supplying not only weapons but also shoes and clothing from the barracks.

Among the guerrillas were the three Zherevski brothers, whose sister Maria, the Bulgarian, he met. As a tobacco worker, the girl, who of course was named Mara, was an activist in the workers’ struggles for social justice. The two loved each other, with love burning between them.

“When the time came for the dismissal, Marco had to return to a village in Bulgaria. Then the fierce Macedonians said to him: ‘Bulgarin, you will not come back alive if you don’t take our sister!'” But he had no intention of giving up either. defeated. The two did not love each other in the country: they were always heartbroken, and they were married in November 1942, “said Marko Dimitrov Kalya’s niece, who at 81 was living in Nova Zagora at 24 hours. at 81. She is the daughter of one of the guerrilla sisters, Jovka, and the first cousin of the guerrilla Rose, named after Marco’s mother and grandmother, Kalia.

Marco started studying agriculture but did not stop with his rowing activity. In the summer of 1943, he was on the verge of failure and had to flee to the guerrillas in the Hadji Dimitar detachment, which operated in his area. Named Damian there. Already pregnant, Mara went out into the woods in winter. Although she anticipated the difficulties of partisan life, the expectant mother thought she would feel more comfortable with her husband. It’s her partisan name Rose.

“When it was time for the war to give birth, my mother Yovka, who had been married for a long time in another village, brought her parents in Asenovets the diapers that used to raise me and my two brothers. My grandfather Dimitar, the father of Marco, he gave them to his son in I know it was with an ox at the meeting … She was the last for them Another thing I know is that his grandfather was against young Ivan Minchev, who later left the guerrilla with her future parents. “Kalya is excited to this day.

Failure really came after Ivan’s betrayal. After helping his fellow soldiers settle down before birth, he decided to go to Nova Zagora for medicine and clothing. Contrary to all conspiracy laws, he went to his home to see his loved ones. There was also his sister’s man, the Rusy Tsvetkov Gendarmerie, for whom it was no secret what his young son-in-law was dealing with. He, as well as the boy’s mother, easily induced him to betray his comrades; At that time, the law gave 50 thousand lev per guerrilla head, who should not be released.

The next morning, at 11 o’clock, the gendarmes led by Ivan arrived at the place where the young parents were huddled around the newborn baby in an improvised motherhood. The young man gave the agreed signal by mouth. The unsuspecting Marco rose to receive him, but was hit by the first shots. According to eyewitnesses, everything fell in blood and brain. Mara left the baby wrapped in a diaper behind a stump and shot the gendarmes. She wounded one before they killed her and she: a bullet went through her abdomen, her whole body was in the sieve. Months later, before the People’s Court, one of the attackers, Binyu Petkov, from the town of Lyubenova Mahala, will admit how he shot a gun from his mouth and took out the dead man’s gold tooth with a shotgun. Then someone stole it …

The gendarmes knew that there was a newborn baby against them. He survived the miracle left at the mercy of the bullets of battle. They just scratched him and made some holes in the diaper his mother had wrapped him in. Until 1989, this pale brown striped canvas diaper was one of the top exhibits at the museum exhibit in Nova Zagora, and blood stains can still be seen on it. He is said to have been at a window with broken glass through which people threw pennies, like an icon in a church. Today, this exhibition is carefully stored in a cardboard box in the museum’s warehouse.

And before the gendarmerie of July 14, 1944, at noon, there was a real dilemma: what to do with this baby anyway? There was even a dispute over whether to throw him and puff him up in his cheeks or shoot him as a target. At the time, the Ivan Dimitrov Gendarmerie in the Novoselets village of Novozagorsk, also 26 as a newly murdered mother, said something unexpected: “He is not guilty, I have no children, I want to adopt him.” And added for insurance: “Unless available …”.

According to some, the gendarmerie even said: “This worm is not to blame”, in the direction of the baby. Words for which the girl’s grandfather Dimitar never forgave him.

Today, no one can tell if the request for the uniform was a sudden impulse or a deliberate desire of the man. But those words saved the baby’s life. The head of the group decided that his newborn was a trophy, for which they were also paid 50,000 BGN by law, and allowed the gendarmerie to take him alive to the police station in Nova Zagora. She was something out of the ordinary: a newborn girl among a group of rough men, but obviously confused at the time.

Later, Rosa herself listened to the story a lot. She told “24 hours” about her first hours after losing her parents: “First, the gendarmerie called Stara Zagora and explained that they had another partisan trophy alive. From there, they were told to bring it to They, but quickly realized it was a baby who couldn’t even walk, and cut their bullets for another 50,000.

Then they thought of a midwife, Maria Atanasova, and took me to her. He quickly decided that he could hand me over to one of his patients, Maria Lazarova. The firstborn two months ago had given birth to a baby and was still breastfeeding. Whether it suits me, my mother didn’t even have time to breastfeed me once … But I was very greedy and the woman was afraid of not having milk for her son and gave me back to the gendarmes. It was the first and last time in my life: breastfeeding a woman’s breast.

But even then, they did not decide to give me the Gendarmerie Ivan, the scandal would probably be great. And my grandparents in town were alive and well, so I had people close to me. Then they brought from Assenovets the mother of the murdered Marko Kalya, my grandmother. During the day, on July 14, he said he had seen gendarmes passing through town on his return from action. There was an acquaintance among them. “Whose soul have you erased today?” He asked. “Hush, we did a very bad job, we knocked out some gold teeth,” he replied. And he added: “Who can escape, who cannot stay!” And it wasn’t said that they killed their son and daughter-in-law, and until September 9, 1944, my grandmother thought they were alive, that they had escaped without being able to take me with them.

When she went to the police, they first slapped her with several slaps, then took her to the basement where she was being held. I didn’t cry, but it looked like he was alive. I was covered with the same diaper: when my grandmother started undressing me, my skin started to slip because the fabric was sticking to her. He stopped immediately … He said that even my navel was not tied and that they could come out of my intestine. It had left scratches in the blood.

“Take it and get out,” Grandma said, and led me outside. First he went to the pharmacy to buy me a pacifier. The pharmacist, the waitress, knew her and said, “What a nice boy you’re wearing,” she said. My grandmother replied, “Both my son and daughter-in-law are kind!” “For those who went to tear down the kingdom, there will be no pacifier!”, Then they cut off the pharmacist and banished his grandmother. The woman was forced to wrap a loaf of bread in cheesecloth and dip it in milk, this was the pacifier that used to feed me. “

On September 9, 1944, the guerrillas descended from the Balkans. The parents of Marko Dimitrov – Kalya and Dimitar Adzhemovi from the town of Asenovets, took the baby and were among the welcome ones, but their people were gone. Even then, the comrades of the murdered did not dare to tell the truth to both of them, and were ashamed that Marko and Mara had to stay in Sliven and come tomorrow. This has not happened tomorrow, on the second day they are forced to tell them what happened on July 14, 1944.

On the same day, in a hurry, the gendarmes did not even bury the murdered supporters. They had to return the next day in order. And because Marco was a tall and thin man, they decided to break his body in two to reunite him in a narrow grave. There is no one to dig bigger, family members say.

The gendarmerie itself also had to bury the dead partisans a second time. Immediately after September 1944, the new authorities decided to bury them in the Bratska Tomb in Nova Zagora Park, and the arrested but not yet convicted gendarmes had to dig a new grave and bring the remains to it to be publicly humiliated. Once again, in the 1970s, the bones were re-buried, this time under the Petko Enev monument in Nova Zagora, and their relatives hope they have finally found eternal rest.

The girl stayed with her grandparents in Asenovets. They issued him a birth certificate according to the date he was forwarded to the police in Nova Zagora, on July 14. It is not known how they dreamed of calling their daughter Mara and Marco, but the elders gave her the name of Maria-Rose, these were the names of her mother, born and partisan. Even in the summer of 1949, the children were secretly baptized by the boy killed with a church ritual. But not in church. The priest came to his home in Asenovets to avoid hearing that the guerrilla boy had received Christian baptism. “My love for cats has remained since then. They were my dolls, I loved playing with them on the field,” recalls Rosa.

Participants in the deadly action clashed with the People’s Court, which did not spit in those days. But since the Gendarmerie Ivan Dimitrov saved the baby’s life, now it was his turn to save him. Maria-Rose demonstrated her indulgence in court. Due to his case, the man received prison for a relatively short period of time. He remained behind bars in the Stara Zagora prison from March 15, 1945 to October 15, 1948, after which he was released. Marco’s father, Grandfather Dimitar, disagreed with this verdict, thinking that Ivan had committed other murders.

As a minor, the traitor Ivan Minchev escaped with a small prayer. But a short time later he was caught up in another tragedy: he decided to flee to the West and killed the postman from the village of Asenovets to take the village pensions and disappear. They say he was liquidated on the Bulgarian-Greek border when he tried to cross it. It is not known if this was the case, but since then his traces have been lost forever.

And after returning to Novoselets, the Ivan gendarmerie, known to his villagers as the “watchman,” got a job as a dam guardian, and then worked on a poultry farm. He was also called by Ivan Sharpener, perhaps because he was a tall, weak man. However, God gave him a son: his childless wife, Stana, died and married Kuna, a widow who already had a son. In 1951, another son was born: Stancho, who died last year / 2016 /. Her daughter and granddaughter from the former gendarmerie, Kremena, met “24 hours”.

“Дядо никога не е крил, че искал да осинови партизанското бебе, но не му позволили. Разказваше, че искали да го злепоставят пред Народния съд, като обявили, че уж хвърлил нарочно със сила момиченцето на земята, за да умре. Как щеше да оцелее това бебе на 1 ден, ако наистина го бях хвърлил “, чудеше се той. Дядо много пиеше и пушеше, обичаше да чете от моята книга приказките на Братя Грим. Не зная, сигурно е стрелял срещу партизани, но за мен беше добър човек. Почина внезапно от инфаркт на 20 октомври 1986 г., беше на 68 години. Падна от столчето, на което стоеше и си отиде за секунди. Помня, че ме наричаше “моята маргаритка”, разказва внучката му Кремена.

Маргаритка, Роза – все имена на цветя. Какво ли е преживял този човек, какво ли е било в душата му, би се попитал всеки непредубеден.

Като пазач на язовира, Иван Димитров преживява инцидент. Птица рибар му се нахвърлиа и го клъвнала по дясното око. Не ослепява съвсем, но цял живот после трябва да носи очила. “После из Новоселец говореха, че това било възмездие заради това, че бил жандармерист А баба Куна обясняваше това с.” Така го е сварил законът “Имам документ и зная със сигурност, че е завършил химическа подофицерска школа … А покрай. инцидента с окото в село говореха и това, че уж комунистите му пратили птицата за отмъщение, но чак дотам не вярвам, нямало е как да стане “допълва внучката Кремена.

Тя открила и запазила в семейните книжа още един документ за дядо си – служебната бележка, която му издали при освобождаването му от Старозагорския затвор на 15 октомври 1948 година. С нея доказали, че той е репресиран и след 1989 г. получил посмъртно обезщетение – “някъде между 2500 и 3000 лева”.

Съдбата понякога наистина си прави злокобни шеги – след като участвал в подялбата на онези 100 лева хиляди, които жандармеристите получили според тогавашните закони за убитите двама партизани, години по-късно наследниците на Иван Димитров взели и обезщетение заради присъдата му от Народния съд. “Халал да са им тези пари”, бе коментарът по този случай на Роза, която през 2017 г. бе на 73 години и отдавна живее в София.

Тя била осиновена от Атанас Димитров – един от бойните другари на биологичните й родители, участникв Той бил виден за времето си политик от БКП, министър, партиен и държавен ръководител, зам.-председател на Народното събрание в годините между 1977 и 1990-а. Човек с възможности, който обаче не можел да има деца, тъй като съпругата му Кръстина остава бездетна след жестоки побоища в полицията преди година 1944, когато била едва на 17. Двамата познавали детето на Марко и Мара и искали да го осиновят.

Но това не става веднага. Момичето живее при баба и дядо на село до 7 ноември 1950 година. В това време заболяло тежко от туберкулоза, започнало да повръща кръв и баба й кераосно сериозно Затова лично завела Роза в Стара Загора, където по това време Атанас Димитров е партиен шеф. Води я на 7 ноември, по време на манифестацията за Октомврийската революция.

“Дори не казала на дядо, който никога не прежали сина си Марко и много плачеше. Баба беше по-твърда, тя живя до 1982 г. и почина на 92 години. Когато ме остави при Димитрови в Стара Загора, ми каза, че за Нова година ще дойдат да ме вземат. Когато наистина дойдоха, аз им казах, че искам да остана в новото си семейство. Че искам, като другите деца, да си имам майка и татко. “Но ти си имаш” рече ми тогава дядо . “Искам да са живи, не само на снимка”, съм отговорила аз и така съм направила сама избор “, вра По-късно завършва история.

По това време тя все още е Мария-Роза, но през 1960 г. излязъл закон, според който хората в България не можели да имат двойни собствени имена. “С Мария се разделих по съвет на майка Кръстина, осиновителката ми, защото много са Мариите по света, останах само Роза – с партизанското име на биологичната ми майка” разкрива жената.

Тя разкрива още една своя тайна пред “24 часа”. Всички, включително и внучката на жандармериста Иван Димитров, смятат, чесера, боз повечев Умрял с мъката, че не само не му позволили да осинови детето, но дори не му дали и да го види.

“Не е така. През май 1963 г., малко преди да се омъжа, майка Кръстина ме попита дали искам да видя човека, който пожелал да ме осинови. Нарочно не ми каза, че бил жандармерист, за да не бъда предубедена. Не възразих и мъжът дойде у нас в София, тогава живеехме на ул “Оборище” Дойде сам Постоя не повече от 5 минути Каза ми…. “Исках да те осиновя навремето, но така стана, че не се получи. Не те дадоха на мен “… Плачеше през цялото време Аз се опитвах да го успокоя Казах му само:” Как сте, недейте да плачете. “После той си тръгна, нищо повече не чух за него” разказва Роза.

На въпроса кого чувства повече за свой баща – биологичния или осиновителя си, тя отговаря: “Наричам Марко Димитров баща ми, а Атанас Димитров, който ме осинови и отгледа – татко Например – татко е познавал баща ми.”.

Днес Роза, по съпруг Мусорлиева, е пенсионерка. С мъжа си Георги са отгледали 3 деца – Аврора, родена навръх 7 ноември – датата на Октомврийската революция в Русия и затова получила името на крайцера, възвестил началото й, Атанас, който носи името на осиновителя на Роза, и Дамян – кръстен с партизанското име на биологичния й баща. “Дори по едно време вкъщи се бяхме събрали 3 революции – аз съм родена на 14 юли – датата, на която в Париж избухва Френската буржоазна революция, дъщеря ми Аврора, родена на 7 ноември, и снаха ми Мария, жената на сина ми Атанас, която е родена на 9 септември, дата на социалистическата ни революция “, забелязва Роза.

Тя никога не приела да стане активен борец против фашизма и капитализма, нито пък да бъде наричана най-малката партизанка на България, както съблазнително й предлагали преди 1989 година. Единствено получавала пенсия като сирак от съпротивата, докато навърши 16 години.