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Todor Zhivkov leads the delegation for the funeral of Josip Broz
View from the city of Bled where Tito and Dimitrov meet
The hospital where Tito died
A country called the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FSYR) appeared in world peace in 1963 and disappeared in 1991-1992 after the so-called Yugoslav Wars.
The RFSY is a federation of six socialist republics: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and Slovenia. Serbia also includes two autonomous republics: Vojvodina and Kosovo, and Metohija.
The prototype
of the Yugoslavs
country
however, it was established in 1918 as the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes.
Ten years later, in January 1929, King Alexander I renamed it the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, thus formalizing the name Yugoslavia.
After World War II, on November 29, 1945, the country became known as the Federal People’s Republic of Yugoslavia (FNRY). The president is Ivan Ribar, the prime minister is Josip Broz Tito. The FNRY Constitution came into force in 1946.
The final name of the state was established in 1963: Federal Socialist Republic of Yugoslavia (RFSY). Due to the length of this name, the name Yugoslavia is most often used in the colloquial language.
Tito was proclaimed president for life and remained in office until his death in 1980. The state began to be called Tito’s Yugoslavia.
The young man sings: “Comrade Tito, we swear it to you (I swear it) and korea:” Tito is ours, we are Tito’s! … “
In the first years after World War II, the FRY was a pro-Soviet country. Joseph Tito and Joseph Stalin are negotiating the establishment of a South Slavic federation, which would include Bulgaria.
In August 1947, in the famous mountain resort town of Bled in Slovenia, Dimitrov and Tito signed an agreement according to which the two “sister states” were united into a single federation.
The Bulgarian prime minister agrees to hand over the Pirin region to the southern republic of Macedonia and in exchange for the future southern republic, Bulgaria will regain the western outskirts, which are seven times smaller in territory.
After the meeting in Bled, Tito returned to visit Georgi Dimitrov and visited Bulgaria. All of Sofia mobilized to greet the marshal with enthusiasm. The streets are full of people chanting and chanting “Stalin – Tito – Dimitrov!”
Indicative is the fact that in front of the old palace, where Josip Broz was received, there are Yugoslav guards, not Bulgarians, which is humiliating for Bulgaria as a sovereign state.
At that time, historical documents, archives, manuscripts, and thousands of volumes of literature on Macedonia’s past were looted and transferred to Yugoslavia from state institutions, research institutes, and libraries. Even the remains of Georgi (Gotse) Delchev were handed over to the Skopje leadership.
In May 1945, a group of Bulgarian writers was received by Tito in his villa and spoke with him for more than an hour. In his essay “JB Tito”
the writer Ludmil
Stoyanov is delighted
to heaven:
Marshal Tito entered our room as naturally and simply as a friend reaches his friends, with that slight embarrassment that speaks of purity of soul. And his first words broke the official alienation and created an atmosphere of cordiality and camaraderie. Speak measuredly, wisely, and entertainingly. His words are as convincing as his smile. Your thinking is clear, logical, and suddenly reveals broad perspectives. Combine hijacked knowledge with life experience. This experience, obviously, is forged in the emotion of an infinitely good heart, filled with love for its wretched and war-torn people, which it brought out of the abyss …
Bulgarian newspapers are also inundated with articles and commentaries and other texts praising Tito and his friendship with Georgi Dimitrov.
Very popular
is the song “Three Suns”:
Three suns in the sky shine:
Stalin, Tito, Dimitrov.
To live, to live:
Stalin, Tito, Dimitrov.
Teachers and political emissaries came to the Pirin region from Skopje and began to forcibly Macedonize the Bulgarians there. They change their passports and their new documents say they are Macedonian.
After the idea of a Balkan federation disintegrated, Zevzets changed the lyrics of the song as follows: “Long live Stalin, Dupka, Dimitrov.”
And after the dethronement of the Soviet leader, the last line became: “Live, live hole, hole, Dimitrov.”
Relations between Bulgaria and Yugoslavia are almost completely frozen.
In time, the famous diplomat Rayko Nikolov will write:
I know of no other precedent in history in which the government of a country has forced a part of its population to renounce their nationality and point out another, invented and imposed, during the census. It seems that only in a country with an underdeveloped national sentiment could happen what happened then in the Pirin region …
When I was a child, once at home I came across an old issue of the Patriotic Front, in which there was a cartoon painted with some pigs feeding, and the text underneath said:
“Pig leg
of the trough and most
the great one is Tito! “
In 1948, motivated by the desire to create an independent and strong economy, Tito became the first and only socialist leader to show disobedience to Stalin. The Soviet leader was furious at Tito’s behavior, and on June 28, 1948, the Yugoslav Communist Party was expelled from the Comintern.
After Stalin’s death, Tito was officially invited to visit Moscow, but he refused. The new leaders of the USSR, Nikita Khrushchev and Nikolai Bulganin, subdued their pride and ego and arrived in Belgrade. In addition, they apologize to Tito for all the evils and evils committed against him during the years of the cult of personality.
However, in 1956 Tito visited the USSR. Official documents say that relations between the two countries are improving significantly, but this is a grossly exaggerated assessment.
In the late 1960s and early 1970s they sharpened again. I remember a joke from that time about how Tito ruled his country: he gave a left turn signal, but then he turned right.
In 1961, Yugoslavia became a co-founder of the Non-Aligned Movement. Tito co-founded the movement with Jawaharlal Nehru from India, Gamal Abdel Nasser from Egypt, Sukarno from Indonesia, and Kwame Nkrumah from Ghana. Through this contract
Tito finds out
strong connections
with countries
From the third world
In 1966, Tito signed an agreement with the Vatican that gave the Yugoslav Roman Catholic Church greater freedom. On January 7, 1967, Yugoslavia became the first socialist state to open its borders to people from Western countries. In his foreign policy, Tito maintains neutrality with other countries. For him, relations with all countries are neutral, as long as they do not impose their influence on Yugoslavia.
In February 1974 the new constitution of the RFSY was adopted, which establishes that
Josip Broz Tito says so
president for life
It has been like this for 6 years. In 1980 he became seriously ill. Doctors found blocked veins in his left leg and he was amputated. Titus falls into a coma that lasts for more than 100 days. He died the night of May 4, three days before his 88th birthday. He was buried in Belgrade in the mausoleum of the House of Flowers. His funeral was attended by heads of state and ordinary people from 128 countries.
An hour and a half after Tito’s death, Petar Mladenov was called into Todor Zhivkov’s office. Alexander Lilov and two other secretaries of the Central Committee are already there. Zhivkov says they called from Moscow and informed him that Leonid Brezhnev would personally lead the Soviet delegation to Tito’s funeral. Which is a clear sign of who should head the Bulgarian delegation.
With the death of the legendary Marshal, an era of constant tension and opposition in Bulgarian-Yugoslav relations ended. Unfortunately, they don’t change much after that.
The SFRY estate outlived its creator by 12 years.
In the early 1990s, political conflicts and cataclysms erupted that ushered in the disintegration of Yugoslavia.
In 1991, with the declaration of independence of Slovenia, Croatia, Macedonia and Bosnia and Herzegovina, the civil war began.
In January 1992, Croatia and Yugoslavia signed a truce under the supervision of the UN. On January 15, 1992, the independence of Croatia and Slovenia was recognized by the whole world. On May 22, Croatia, Slovenia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina became members of the United Nations. The Republic of Macedonia was adopted on April 8, 1993.
The war in the western part of the former Yugoslavia ended in 1995 with negotiations in Dayton, Ohio, and the signing of the Dayton Peace Agreement.
The war in Kosovo began in 1996 and ended with the NATO bombing of Yugoslavia.
The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was renamed on February 4, 2003 and adopted the name of Serbia and Montenegro. However, the state union between the two countries is unstable and was ended in 2006 after a referendum. Independence was officially declared on June 3, 2006. Serbia succeeds the RFSY in the UN.
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