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However, the closure of schools also has consequences for the employment of parents: in Austria, around 31 percent of employees have children under the age of 15 at home and around 25 percent do not have a potential caregiver, it is that is, no unemployed adult in the same household. A total of 12.5 per cent of employees have an obligation to care for children in the event of school or kindergarten closures, and these people perform nine per cent of all working hours in Austria. “Even if these affected people find creative ways to combine work outside the home or home office and home schooling, the direct effects on job supply are negative,” the study says.
Losses in gross domestic product are also possible due to restriction of parental occupation if this results in irrecoverable losses in turnover, such as non-participation in tenders or non-provision of services. Furthermore, the closure of schools would have negative effects on wage inequalities between men and women, as the latter more severely limit their job offers when schools are closed.
