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Dr Than Ngoc Tuan, a specialist in obstetrics and male medicine at Medlatec General Hospital, said a 27-year-old male patient in Hanoi came for a general medical examination to prepare for marriage. When testing for sexually transmitted diseases, the patient suddenly received an HIV positive result. According to Dr. Tuan, this is a case of unknown risk factors.
The causes of HIV infection are very diverse, explained the doctor. In addition to the subjective cause, there must also be an objective route of infection, such as direct contact through blood and blood-related products, sharing needles and medical equipment contaminated with the blood of an infected person. Using razors, acupuncture needles, tattoo needles, or direct contact of open wounds with the blood of an infected person, during a blood transfusion without detection of HIV. Also, it is possible to get it through unprotected sex with an infected person without using a condom.
The average incubation period for HIV in adults is generally 6 months, depending on the location and immunity of each person. People with poor immune systems have a shorter incubation period.
HIV is the virus that causes human immunodeficiency syndrome. It damages the body’s immune system and makes it unable to fight pathogens that lead to death. If there are risk factors for exposure to HIV, an HIV test should be done to rule them out.
Stage 1: Acute infection (primary infection) (weeks 2-8).
People with HIV may not have any signs or they may have some symptoms such as: fever (38-40 degrees C), muscle pain, joint pain, sweating, fatigue, loss of appetite, vomiting, diarrhea, pharyngitis, red skin rash (occurs in 50% of patients), lymphadenopathy, …
These symptoms can be mistaken for a common viral infection (flu). During this time, because people do not know they are infected, it is easy for people with HIV to transmit the disease to others.
Stage 2: Asymptomatic infection is highly contagious.
People with HIV usually do not have any symptoms. This period can last from 5 to 10 years on average, however, the body condition, especially those who use drugs, alcohol and tobacco for a long time, can shorten this incubation period because the body is weak and exhausted.
Stage 3: Symptomatic infection stage (close to AIDS).
The sick person may have a fever, diarrhea, infection due to a weakened immune system, and other pathogens that can attack the body. Symptomatic treatment and treatment of opportunistic infections can help the body recover and prolong life. A serum test has clearly positive HIV antibodies.
Stage 4: the patient is diagnosed with AIDS.
The time from the moment of diagnosis to the moment of death does not usually exceed 2 years, with an average of 18 months. The detection and diagnosis of AIDS can be based on one and the same clinical manifestations as mfatigue that persists for weeks without an obvious cause, weight loss; Svomiting persists for more than a month, accompanied by chills, chills, and night sweats; Hor persistent diarrhea that lasts more than a month; vsystemic itchy skin irritation; Slymphadenopathy, especially in the neck and armpits with no apparent cause, persists for more than 2 weeks; NorthWhite spots or unusual marks in the mouth.
Faced with the risk of contracting sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV, to maintain the happiness of marriage, especially to protect the health of couples, Dr. Tuan recommends that everyonetake the initiative to get a medical check-up before deciding to get married; Practice a healthy lifestyle that is monogamous. At the same time, perform safe sex (using condoms); Do not share personal items that can be a contagious agent, such as razors, toothbrushes, etc. Do not use injecting or sharing needles.
In the case of suspected HIV infection or HIV infection, it is necessary to examine and treat according to the advice of a specialist doctor. Periodic physical examination for screening and early detection of health problems.
In particular, Dr. Tuan emphasized that the prenuptial examination is considered the key to family happiness, a premise for couples to enter firmly into married life.
Through the examination packages, couples will be able to know the state of their health, prevent diseases and congenital genetic defects for their children in the future, as well as early detect diseases related to the reproductive organs for early treatment, avoid affecting life of the couple, pregnancy and childbirth. Also, avoid actions that cause sexually transmitted diseases that affect reproductive health and quality.
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