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Kidney stones form when certain minerals and salts in the urine clump together into crystals. As they agglomerate, the crystals get bigger and turn into stones.
If the urine is concentrated, these minerals and salts are more likely to clump together.
1. Genetics
About 40% of people with kidney stones have a family history of kidney stones.
If someone in your family has a kidney stone, you are also at higher risk of developing a kidney stone. If you have had a kidney stone in the past, you are at higher risk of developing another.
2. Not drinking enough water every day
Not drinking enough water every day can increase your risk of kidney stones. People who live in hot, dry climates and those who sweat a lot may have a higher risk of kidney disease than others.
About 38% of people with kidney stones live in areas with higher temperatures and sun.
Eating a diet rich in protein, high in salt and sugar can increase your risk of kidney stones Artwork: Shutterstock |
3. A diet rich in salt, sugar and protein
Too much salt in the diet will increase the amount of calcium that the kidneys must filter out and significantly increase the risk of kidney stones.
According to Dr. Johann Ingimarsson, a urology specialist at Maine Medical Center (USA), up to three-quarters of people with kidney stones can be controlled by adjusting their diet. Well-informed person.
Consult with your doctor about which diet is best for you.
4. Some diseases cause kidney stones
Certain conditions can also lead to an increased risk of developing kidney stones, including:
Diabetes
According to a study published in the European Journal of Urology: European urologyPeople with type 2 diabetes have a 2-3 times higher risk of kidney stones.
The researchers also found that people with an average blood sugar level of an A1C 6.5% higher had a 92% increased risk of kidney stones. People with diabetes have higher levels of oxalate in their urine, which promotes the formation of calcium oxalate kidney stones.
Fat
High body mass index, wide waistlines, and weight gain increase the risk of kidney stones. According to a 2020 review, women with a high BMI had a 1.3-fold increase in the incidence of kidney stones compared to women with a healthy BMI.
Surgery and inflammatory bowel disease
Stomach surgery, inflammatory bowel disease, or chronic diarrhea can affect calcium and water absorption, increasing the amount of stone-forming substances in the urine, according to Mayo Clinic.
Research shows that around 12-28% of patients with intestinal inflammation have a higher incidence of kidney stones than average.
Patients with enteritis are more likely to have acidic urine that promotes uric acid kidney stone formation.
Urinary tract infections
5. Certain medications
Certain supplements and medications, such as vitamin C, supplements, laxatives, when taken in excess, and antacids, medications for migraines or depression, can increase the risk of kidney stones. follow Mayo Clinic.
Symptoms of kidney stones
A kidney stone usually doesn’t cause symptoms until it gets stuck in the ureter, blocking urine flow and causing the kidneys to swell and the ureter to contract, which can be very painful, according to Mayo Clinic.
Then the following symptoms will appear:
• Severe pain, stabbing pain in the side and back, under the ribs, pain spreading to the lower abdomen and groin, pain in attacks.
• Pain or burning when urinating
• Pink, red, or brown urine
• Cloudy or foul-smelling urine
• You always want to urinate, urinate more often but less
• Nausea and vomiting
• Fever and chills if infected
Seek medical help immediately if:
• The pain is unbearable
• Pain is accompanied by nausea and vomiting
• Pain accompanied by fever and chills
• There is blood in the urine, according to the Mayo Clinic.
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