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According to the Shafii and Hanbali madhabs, there should be at least forty people (Nawawi, al-Majmû ‘, IV, 487; Ibn Qudâme, al-Mughni, III, 202-203). According to the Malikî madhab, there must be twelve people (Harasî, Şerhu Muhtasar, II, 76-77). Forty people were present at the Friday prayer at Nakîu’l-Hadamat before the migration of the Prophet (peace be upon him) to Medina (Ibn Mayah, İkâmetu Salat, 78). However, fewer people are known to perform Friday prayers. Indeed, Hz. By order of the Prophet (PBUH), Mus’ab b. Umayr had 12 people lead the Friday prayer in Medina (Bayhaqi, as-Sünenü’l-Kübrâ, III, 255).
While the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) was leading the Friday prayer, it is reported in strong hadith sources that all but twelve people from the congregation, who heard that the trade caravan had arrived, left (Bukhari, Jumua, 38). On the other hand, Hz. The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) stated that even if there are only four people in a settlement, the Friday prayer is fard (Bayhaqi, as-Sünenü’l-Kübrâ, III , 255).
As you can see, Hz. The narrations of the Prophet (peace be upon him) show that Friday prayer can be performed in places where there are at least four people, one of whom is an imam. This determines the lower limit of the number of people needed to perform Friday prayer.
